Neonatal Hypoglycemia

neonatal Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a serum glucose concentration < 40 mg/dL (< 2.2 mmol/L) in term neonates or < 30 mg/dL (< 1.7 mmol/L) in preterm neonates. Risk factors include prematurity, existence small for gestational age, and perinatal asphyxia. The closely common causes be deficient glycogen stores, delayed feeding, and hyperinsulinemia. Signs include tachycardia, cyanosis, seizures, and apnea. Diagnosis is hazard empirically and is confirmed by glucose testing. Prognosis depends on the underlie condition. Treatment is enteral feeding or IV dextrose.

Etiology

Neonatal hypoglycemia may be evanescent or persistent.

Causes of transient hypoglycemia are
Inadequate substrate
Immature enzyme function star(p) to deficient glycogen stores

Causes of persistent hypoglycemia include
Hyperinsulinism
incorrect counter-regulatory hormone release
Inherited dis pitchs of metabolism (eg, glycogen storage diseases, disorders of gluconeogenesis, superfatted acid oxidation disordersâ€"see Inherited Disorders of Metabolism)

Deficiency of glycogen stores at birth is common in very low-birth-weight preterm infants, infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) because of placental insufficiency, and infants who have perinatal asphyxia.



Anaerobic glycolysis consumes glycogen stores in these infants, and hypoglycemia may learn at any time in the first few days, especially if there is a prolonged interval among feedings or if nutritional intake is poor. A sustained foreplay of exogenous glucose is therefore important to prevent hypoglycemia.

Transient hyperinsulinism most often occurs in infants of diabetic mothers and is inversely related to the peak of maternal diabetic control. It also commonly occurs in physiologically stressed infants who are SGA. Less common causes include unconditioned hyperinsulinism (genetic conditions transmitted in both autosomal dominant and recessive fashion), severe erythroblastosis fetalis, and Beckwith-Wiedemann...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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