‘Antony and Cleopatra’ & Shakespeare Essay

As is often true of the study of memorial in worldwide, the slew who dominate Shakespe ars historical plays are those in positions of armed services force and authority. This is simply because such people will be the ones to launch history in the most significant way. In Antony and Cleopatra we key some(prenominal) different drawing cardship figures, who show all in all of the range of effects, strains and qualities that those in positions of power can have (such as Antony himself, Cleopatra, Caesar, Lepidus and Pompey).In terms of attractionship, Classical reincarnation ideas can be very helpful when trying to approach Antony and Cleopatra for the prototypic time. The traditional idea of heroism and drawship was summed up in the flavour known as virtus, which describes the char beteristics of a virile nature, military strength, and old ideas of valor and honour. Renaissance artists such as Machiavelli in The Prince, modified this to emphasise calm down ruthlessness a nd intellectual power.As we shall see, these two opposing views of what a leader should be (the traditional and renaissance ideals) are reflected in the struggle among Antony and Caesar. Antony, representing the old virus values, is defeated and replaced by Caesar, representing the Machiavellian hero. Thus I shall begin with these two faces, whose conflict is vitally central to the play. Antony is represented as an old-fashioned hero, whose moral blemishes are excused because of his heroic nature. Maecenas tells us that his taints and honours waged equal with him ( bit 5, scene 1).These taints be have apparent in the first act when we discover that Antony in point has a wife (Fulvia), even honey oilgh we have just watched the obvious love affair that he is having with Cleopatra. When he returns to Rome (having heard of the death of his wife), he soon marries Caesars child thus betraying Cleopatra. However, we do also see that Antony has an obvious preoccupation with honour, a ccount and line of products. His past military glory is very important to him, and it is for these ideas of honour and ancestry that he eventually will return away from Egypt and back to war.These are all characteristics of the traditional hero, whose titanic anger would have won him favor in the eyes of the Shakespearean audience, but perhaps not as a lot, in a modern audience. This is because he is more likely to be seen in modern times as an impulsive reckless leader who leads with his heart and not his head. In Act 3 scene 10, Antonys declaration that he will involvement by sea has the border of bluster and bravado, and is an emotional response to Caesars challenge. His decision alarms even the most humble soldier who pleads O noble emperor, do not fight by sea/Trust not to rotten planksSweeping, flamboyant gestures, such as his challenge to single combat and his declarations of the love he feels for Cleopatra (which he sees as liberating and life enhancing The nobleness o f life is to do thus Act 1 scene1) provide a stark contrast to the behaviour of Caesar. Another particle that is central to Antony as a leader, is the constant conflict surrounded by business and desire. This conflict results in a felling of guilt, a signified that he has unattended his duty to his people. It is only in the final stages that we see these emotions expressed.In Act 3, after Antonys defeat in battle, for the first time we see an Antony full of self-disgust, confusion and an overall sense of failure. The responsibility that he feels for his men, and the fact that his actions determine the fate of all of them, obviously makes defeat even worse. In some instances however, Antonys honest acknowledgement of his faults increases our respect for him, as when he admits that poisoned hours (Act 1, scene 2) caused him to forget himself and lose his sense of duty. Another aspect to the burden that all leaders must face is that of creation replaced.The endless cps of the ol d being overthrown by the young, is one of the hardest things a leader has to face, partially due to its inevitability. In Act 3 scene 11, Antony addresses an imaginary listener, and takes puff of air in recalling the military success he achieved at Philip, whilst the inexperienced Caesar relied on his officers to fight for him and wore his sword as an ornament, like a dancer. though Antony does have negative aspects to his character, he has a warmth, human passion and act personality that is totally lacking in Octavius Caesar. He is in general represented in an unflattering light.He is shown to be an unemotional, strict character who is quick to turn on Antony when he steps out of line. This seems all the more heartless when we realise that Antony was a close and dear help to Octaviuss father, Julius Caesar. However at the same time he is shown as the successful strategist and ruler. This pehaps is meant to demonstate the idea that a truly great leader cannot be an overly emotio nally figure. He represents Roman efficiency and art to the state, whose interests must be held before all others, and achieved by whatever factor necessary.This manipulative nature is shown through and through his reconciliation with Antony. Caesar needs Antonys military skill in the war against Pompey, and can see that the Roman people, who do not love Caesar (Caesar gets money where/ he loses hearts Act2 Scene1), will succeed the heroic Antony into battle. The marriage that he orchestrates between his sister and Antony shows that he is a figure who is only able to gain loyalty through his purpose of others. We must still recognise, however, that Caesar has all the qualities necessary to be a dependable leader.Indeed he seems not to feel any of the psychological burdens that come with leadership. He seems to be sufficiently focused on the success of Rome, to turn over that any burdens he does feel must be tolerated out of a sense of duty, but also to satisfy his ambition. He sees Antony as having move around a strumpets fool, and his pursuit of pleasure being an intolerable burden placed on the triumvirate. As well as the contrast between Antony and Caesar, we also see several stark contrasts between Cleopatra and Caesar.She represents indulgence, extravagance and pleasure, whilst Caesar (as said before) represents duty and self-control. Cleopatras royalty and power is emphatic by her own self-preservation, bolstered by her followers and maidservants. We are constantly reminded of her position, through what is said and the general grandeur that surrounds her. Antony calls her your royalty (Act1 scene 3), and Cleopatra reminds the helpless courier in Act 3 Remember/If eer thou lookst on majesty She is a traditional Queen, believing that she rules by a divine right, and owes nothing to her people.As a result she is much more likely not to suffer from the guilt and duty to her people that both Antony and Caesar show. Caesar is a democratically elected l eader, is meant to represent the people, and thus the sense of having a duty toward them is much stronger. Like Antony, Cleopatra is ruled by passion. She is confident at points in the play of inspiring intense admiration, whilst at others, of demonstrate a common humanity. Indeed this is demonstrated perfectly in Enobarbus speech in act 2 scene 2, which describes both sides to her personality.

The Educational Connoisseurship Model of Elliot W Eisner

The American educator and philosopher of instruction Elliot W. Eisner is an ideal theoretician to examine when determining the best ways, means, and measures to counterbalance standards for an master(a) math shallow curriculum. Eisner was unapologetic in his demand for what he called the exercise of standards-based artistry and the breeding of connoisseurship in education, and for what some of his critics have called elitism in approaching the educational process.However, Eisners called for standards, although Eisner is particularly known for his work in humanistic discipline education, starts his hands-on theories of education both utile and shake up to elementary school math teachers. Eisners examination of process and the artistry of education in The instruct Eye proved that he was attempting extension of his thinking to qualitative research into education and to the sciences as well as humanities.To conceive of students as artists who do their art in science, in the a rts, or the humanities, is, after all, both a daunting and a punishing aspiration, he wrote later on, but education is non an assembly line, rather the field of education has much to visualize from the arts active the practice of education. It is time to embrace a sore model for improving our schools, where the school functions as a laboratory of transmutation and experimentation.For Eisner, fellowship is an intensely variable and personal event, something acquired via a compounding of peerlesss geniuss visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory assembled according to a personal schema, and then made humans expressed, typically, by the same sensory modalities applyd in the initial acquisition. (Lloyd-Zannini, 1998, cited by Smith, 2005) Again, this is an inspiration in particular for an elementary math school degree for it stresses that learning must be experiential, exciting, yet still convey something beyond pure fun or feeling.Cooking to teach fractions follo wed by a test asking students to shrink or expand the recipe, to show that knowledge had been conveyed would be keeping with this approach. For Eisner, our capacity to know is based in our ability to construct valuable and real-life meaning from experiences in a coherent fashion. disdain his advancement of the importance of connoisseurship and criticism, Eisner began his own education as a teacher in an egalitarian setting. While in college Elliot Eisner worked with African American boys in the American Boys Commonwealth in the neighborhood where he grew up.He verbalize later that this confirmed his view that there must be a solid aesthetic behind art education and a better exploration of arts historical context. Approaches which simply gave children arts materials in the hope that their creativity might flow resulted in programs with petty(a) or no structure, limited artistic content and few important aims and were ultimately patronizing in their approach to students ability t o gain useful knowledge that would gain them advancement in life. (Smith, 2005)From his bureaucratic experiences, Eisner also began to gl be upon the stress on teachers team meetings, which he said discouraged effective praxis and only encouraged talk amongst educators. He said such communal sharing of knowledge is useless if the theories that are generated cannot be used to help students. For example, hearing somewhat a colleagues problems direction decimals may be instructive, and help all teacher draw on a range of techniques, but a good educator is one who can combine the different techniques and improvise regarding the particular situation and set of students needs.Eisner believed that teachers need to work together, but they also needed to accept criticism from principles and administrators in the classroom, in terms of the results generated by their efforts-just standardised students should not be so protected from criticism in assessments of their qualitative and quanti tative work, either Eisner stressed that educators must strive discover the virtue in real-life situations, experiences and phenomenon. As Eisner himself stated, effective criticism functions as the midwife to perception.It helps it father into being, then later refines it and helps it to become more acute. (1998, p. 6) Connoisseurship of appreciation of a work of art or a skill, and of our own ability to defeat a skill may allow us to appreciate a theory, but criticism is also necessary to bring education to the following(a) level. In other words, in the arts, one must make, and learn about previous art, but also accept evaluations of ones knowledge. In math, students must learn, but also show they can perform and utilize the skills they are taught beyond mere regurgitation.Likewise, teacher education itself must not be purely theoretically based. Good teachers know, says Eisner, that even to talk about effectiveness as though it were independent of the kind of noetic determ ine that schools ought to support, seems ill conceived. Thoughtful educators are not simply interested in achieving known effects they are interested as much in surprise, in discovery, in the imaginative side of life and its development as in hitting predefined targets achieved through routine procedures.In some sense our aim ought to be to convert the school from an academic institution into an intellectual one. That shift in the culture of schooling would represent a profound shift in emphasis and in direction. In other words, the elementary school curriculum should invest the same trust in students, and make the same demands of them as higher levels of education, rather than stress rote learning.However, feature with this disdain for rote, Eisner is equally vehement that this experiential learning must unceasingly have the fundamentals at its focus. Strain the limits of schooling, test students beyond regulate multiple-choice exams, but do not use these techniques as an just ification for instilling real knowledge in young minds. Idealistic, and perhaps impractical-but an inspiring goal for any teacher, regardless of grade area or subject matter matter, to reach for.

Brownie: White American and Octavia Essay

The short story scallywags writ go by Z. Z. Packer is told in initial person by a young intr overted African American girl named medal, known as S non to her friends from school. The story reflects back during a summer camp outing at Camp Crescendo that involves a small group of young African American fourth print girls from the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. In this story the author provides countless details of how the effects of amicable segregation and racism can have a negative stupor on our children and our entire society.Arnetta, the leader of the Brownie pack dislike sh atomic number 18-out the summer camp with the young girls of pile 909 from day mavin because they were snowy. Referring to them as Invaders, because in the suburbs of Atlanta they were rarely seen or horizontal thought about(358). time riding in their raft on their way to the cabin and subsequently they had already passed the Troop 909 girls at the front gate, Arnetta asked, Did you tang that? Try ing to conduct fun of the girls she threw her head up and with her nose pointed to the sky she utter they smell like wet Chihuahuas.By the end of the day and with a intent to entice her Brownie deals to start a fight with the Troop 909 girls, Arnetta stated that she heard one of them call Daphne a nigger and that they couldnt let them get away with that. When asked to confirm that one of the colour girls said it, Daphne was hesitant to answer until Arnetta gave her an elbow followed with a mean stair down. Daphne was not the type of girl that would stand up for oneself and was too scared to chat up.Even at their Woodrow Wilson Elementary school, if someone doesnt fit into their myopic group or doesnt land a perfect ten later jumping off the swing at the playground, Arnetta and Octavia would reply development the word Caucasian. This was just another way in depreciatory other people and displaying that Caucasian race was below that of the African Americans. Octavia was cons idered to be Arnettas right hand woman. Octavia was quick to tell anybody to shut up and readily do fun of even her Brownie troop friends.Janice, the ponderosity of the group and maybe not the sharpest tool in the shed had a country accent that came along with an bubbly personality was even referred to as Miss Caucasian when she wouldnt leave Arnetta and Octavia alone. One day during dejeuner time fleck Janice was standing alongside the waters edge, Octavia had the lure but not necessarily the courage to push her into the water. Octavia even disliked Daphne for beating her out in the school poem contest and even referred to Mrs. Margolin, the Brownie troop chaperone as Big Fat mommy.Once they decided that the bathroom would be where the fight takes place, all they ask was to hope they could catch them their alone without their troop leader. As they walked through the woodwind on their way to the bathroom Janice spoke out, this smells like my mothers air freshener, than one o f the other girls stated the trees in the woods are Pine trees. Janice was shocked to hear that they could get the smell of trees onto an air freshener. As they approached the bathroom they could hear the Troop 909 girls talking. Arnetta suggested that Octavia, Janice and herself would go in first while the rest of them wait outside.After minutes of waiting outside Elise, Drema, Dephne, and Laurel went inside to see what was happening. Octavia looked over at Elise and said, I think theyre retarded. One of the white girls replied, We ARE NOT retarded(366-367) Once Arnetta and Octavia came to the realisation that these girls were mentally challenged, they felt remorseful from their actions and wished to leave without being caught teasing the white girls. Octavia tried to scare the girls by mentioning to them, that if they told on them they would be considered tattletales.As one of the white girls replied, I like tattletale, the Troop 909 leader walked in. Minutes subsequently both Mrs. Margolin and Mrs. Hayes were at the center of the debate. The lady that ran Troop 909 neer got mad or raised her voice and always kept a smile on her face as she talked. She said she wasnt red to blame anybody for their actions or their behavior and cited that maybe what caused this incident actually could of happened. The troop leader clarified that her girls were not retarded but considered slow learners. That they force not have the best of parents and could of possibly heard a baneful word or two from their parents.Even after the situation was over and things had calmed down, Arnetta pointed to a small girl and insisted that she heard her say the word. After the white troop leader made the statement that it was impossible because she doesnt speak, Arnetta made another acquisition that it then came from the girl wearing the complete Brownie uniform. At that point nobody was believing in Arnettas story. On the bus ride home Elisa and Arnetta still felt it demand to conti nue to make fun of the white girls from Troop 909. When Daphne gave Laurel her prized journal, Daphne could not think of anything to write in it.Than Laurel remembered a time when she and her beget were at the mall and they came across some Mennonites who her father insisted that they would do anything you asked of them. nought on the bus besides Daphne believed in her story even after she told them that they had actually painted there front porch. until she told them that they sat on the bus and as they return home on the bus, Laurel tells them of an incident in her family involving a white Mennonite family. As she tells the story, she comes to an unsettling realization about racism and the spirit of human life.

Case 5 consumer trends

In todays world of rapidly changing rentr trends, it is only wise that companies try to keep up with these modifications so as to remain in pedigree. This is largely because the consumer is becoming more concerned with the products they consume e. g. effects of luxuriously calories. The analysis of the fol mooing case study affirms this change in consumer trends. 1. Consumer trends The changing consumer tastes is mavin of the driving forces behind product innovation. This is epitomized by the recent consumer trends like low carb and going green.Trends like these puzzle forced companies to come up with products/processes that meet consumer demands. Like the dot com furor of late 1990s, the low carb and environment mindfulness are largely fuelled by customer awareness. These trends are usually force companies to align their products with the changing preferences. And is rightly so because companies that defy these trends whitethorn suffer drop in revenues. An manikin is the Ameri tolerate carmakers that belatedly adopted hybrid technology when their Japanese counterparts were already benefiting from the technology.Such trends lead to the marketplace flooding with similar companies has witnessed with the dot com bubble although the low carb and environmental preservation trends whitethorn persist because of the awareness of effects of high carbohydrates and environmental pollution. Most of the internet companies collapsed (Cable World 2001). 2. Threat to entrepreneurs The entry of perseverance giants like Dell and Gateway companies into the computer recycling business with salute problems to Stampp Corbin in the sense that he might deficiency used computers to resale. Legislations may also be passed that does not allow the resale and disposal of used computers.Such laws may require that computers of a certain age cannot be resold. Laws governing electronic waste from computers can substantially affect the business. The recycling of the computers b y manufacturers can lead to cheaper production of new computers such that entrepreneurs like Stampp Corbin may lack the market for the used computers. The sensitive information in the used computers may also pose a serious threat of lawsuits if it accidentally waterfall in the wrong hands. The package used to delete this information may not be effective in the long run with the instruction of new technologies that could hold data permanently.All the above factors can affect Corbins business severely. 3. Competitive advantage Retro Box Company is one of the pioneers of the electronic recycling business and hence the existence in the market for a long time leads to the company developing good business relations with the suppliers and customers also thus ensuring constant supply and availability of the market. other advantage is the ability of Retro Box to safeguard itself from lawsuits that may firmness of purpose from leaked information. The company has done this by developing t ailor made software that can erase such data completely.4. Protection from changing consumer preferences and laws whizz of the important factors that companies can do to avoid loss of business imputable to changing consumer preference is through innovation and anticipating future conducts of consumers. thereby the new product development will be guided by future consumer needs and expectations (PRNewswire 2008). The company also need to be aware of the effects that their products have on the environment and hence come up with innovative ways of dealing with there effects thus avoiding the need of regulations through laws which can be costly in the long run.Conclusion It is therefore paramount that companies embrace consumer trends through anticipating their needs and thus coming up with innovative products that keep up with changing preferences. References Cable World (2001). MSO defies dot-com trend-Against the Grain. Retrieved on 30/4/2008 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles /mi_m0DIZ/is_/ai_80191576 PRNewswire (2008). Food marketers challenged to meet consumer tastes in 2008. Retrieved on 30/4/2008 from http//www. reuters. com/article/pressRelease/idUS187846+29-Jan-2008+PRN20080129

The Effect of Social Networking

The Effect of Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter, MySpace etc) For Children http//newstodaynews. com/the-effect-of- hearty-networking-facebook-twitter-myspace-etc-for-children/12286 Not a a few(prenominal) teachers who are disappointed to see the students using the chat language as it is commonly used in social networking chat facilities, such as 2mor, msg, lol, and bk, while in English grammar lessons (English grammar).This study clearly indicates that students from various levels, from focal ratio class to lower class, they spend more stout in social media This is a direct indication of their value on average wretched and often failed to complete their cooking on time. the quality of childrens homework is deteriorate because they hurry to finish. http//networkconference. netstudies. rg/2010/04/a-social-society-the-positive-effects-of-communicating-through-social-networking-sites/ By communicating online, it allows people to see retiring(a) physical differences and focus on a deeper connection, discovering correspondingities that may have been antecedently disregarded. By instituteing groups of people with similar interests (particularly if the interest or hobby is not mainstream), social networking sites washbowl create a sense of unity and belong in people who might have previously felt alienate in society because of an inability to relate to local people.Many people form take for groups through social networking sites to discover and communicate with others who have similar problems or health issues. With online social networking reducing difficulties with limited mobility, time and keep barriers and unacceptance due to stereotyping, people therefore have more access to support and the ability to improve communication with others despite illness or disability.Many educational institutions encourage learning via the Internet and social networking sites because it allows an easy communication melodic line for students to learn and share skills. Students enjoy educational opportunities where lesson topics, research, creative ideas, and interactive discussions are at their fingertips Through online social networking, companies are better able to air to specific markets or discover, monitor and engage with loyal brand advocates. Conversely, they can also discover disgruntled customers and realise their concerns

Books and e-books Essay

Some people believe that printed books ar no longer necessary in this digital era, as all literature heap be stored electronically. Others think print books till play central role. Discuss both views and give your opinion. In the past few years, e-books restrain been sold or downloaded for free in large numbers on the internet. These books and e-readers argon challenging convention reading habits making the sales of traditional books decreased. But it still needs much consideration before eliminating completely the need for printed books.There is no doubt that e-books are able to maintain huge amount of information with feather like weight. Readers do non consent to face the difficult choice of which book should be interpreted with on vacation, as one single e-reader like kindle or Nook would hold all the books you might want to read on the trip with no extra space in suitcase existence wasted.E-books are also strong contenders when it comes to pricing. Because they are delivered in digital format, a part of the overhead including printing, storing and distribution can be avoided. And whatsoever clean books are free online, which is a boon to readers who only need a partly review or reference from those books.However, we cannot ignore a position that the popularity of digital books can be a bit daunting for many readers who are used to going to the local book store, browsing the aisles and maybe reading any chapter before purchasing. Or, there still are some senior readers who are reluctant to buy and learn to use an e-reader alternatively of holding a real book and making note wherever they want.Then when we talk about personal book collections, electronic ones can hardly be involved. Privately owned printed books can typically be displayed neatly as part of the household collection. These books may build up a readers spirit world and be slap-up company as having friends being around.The bottom line is that both printed books and e-books ha ve something to offer. We cannot simply eliminate the use of any single format because they are needed in different situation by various kinds of readers. They are all making life better.

Function Of Educational Managers In A School Institution Education Essay

command is the foundation of civilised society and every society retardms to be engaged in assorted educational activities. Its purpose is to supply and climb on management to the multitudes so that well disciplined and ment altogethery sound persons bed be prep atomic number 18d who finally contri unlesse in the development and flourishingness of progressive society. Education system is devised to instill the doctrine, societal norms and accomplishments for economic activities. We in supplyition argon quickly switching into a new epoch in the history of worlds on this planet, which is called the technological epoch. And instruction is the primary beginning of all technological progresss, inventions and sympathetic amenitiess and that we learn development, which is merely possible by means of bore instruction.An presidency is a aggregation of deal bring ining together in a Division of labor to accomplish a common intent. This comment fits a broad assortment of frat ernal groups, nines, voluntary system of ruless and spiritual thoroughgoing structures, every bit good as entities such as schools, infirmaries and government activity bureaus. The penetrations and applications of OB use to all of these groups. Here, we will be most concerned in work organizations- those organisations to which people belong as employees ( Wood, et al 1998 ) . organizational behavior is a subject that seeks to depict picture and predict world behavior in the environment of formal organisation. A typical relegate and feature of organisational behavior as subject is the expressed acknowledgment that ( 1 ) organisations create versed stage settingual scene or environments, that have outstanding influence on the behavior of people in them and ( 2 ) to many extent the internal environment of an organisation is influenced by the big context in which the organisation itself exists ( for illustration, the societal, political, economic and technological systems that support the organisation ) . Furtherto a greater extent, the internal environment or context of the organisation ( which is so influential in arousing and determining serviceman behavior ) is non simply physical and touch competent but besides includes the societal and psychological features of the life human system ( Owens, R.G. 1998 ) . composition behavior is the field that seeks cognition about the behaviors in organisational scene by consistently analyzing private, group and organisational procedures. Thus cognition is use some(prenominal) as an terminal in itself by scientists interested in basic human doings and by practicians interested in heightening organisational effectivity and single good being ( Jerald and Robert, 2000 ) .Organizations do non win or neglect people do. Organizations are closely associated with people who are populating and fastening thusly human behaviors must(prenominal) be considered and chthonicstood within the kineticss of the formal organi sation ( Ahuja, 1990 ) .thusly the filed of organisational behavior aid theater directors both trade with learn from their workplace experiences. Directors who understand OB are relegate prepared to cognize what to gestate for in work state of affairss, to understand what they find, and to manage or assist another(prenominal)s to need the needed action. This is a procedure for which doctors are carefully handy. When giving a physical test, a physician consistently asks inquiries and is speedy to observe where star status ( such as a perennial facial unhinged may be diagnostic of a job that requires farther health check attending ( preventive for a little tegument malignant neoplastic disease ) . Alternatively of sores and concerns, directors, action indexs typically deal with the usual founding achievements of people at work, their attitudes and behaviors, and events that occur in the work whole of measurement, in the organisation a hole, and event in the external env ironment. Good direction is fitting both to acknowledge the significance of these indexs ( for illustration, an addition in turnover among employees ) and to take constructive action to die things as a consequence of this penetration ( such as updating benefits and incentive wage strategies ) . Good directors add measure out to an organisation. However, good directors must be able to place, manage and convert the behavior of other member of the organisation is this added value from managerial activities is to be realized ( Baron, 1986 ) .Basically, nevertheless, any director should seek two cardinal consequences for a work unit or work squad. The first is task public presentation, the quality and measure of the work produced or the service provided by the work unit as a whole. The 2nd is human resources care, the attractive blackmail and continuance of a qualified work force over arrange. This subterranean impression, while to frequently ignored, is highly of merchandise. I t is non plenty for a work unit to accomplish this high public presentation on any presumption twenty-four hours a work integrity must be able to accomplish this high public presentation every twenty-four hours, both now and in the here later on ( Christensen, 1994 ) .Indeed, the two consequences can be seen as the standard of an effectual director that is, a director whose work unit squad achieves high degrees of undertaking achievement and maintains itself as a capable work force over clip. This construct of the effective Manager is an of event model for understanding the penetrations of OB and for developing your personal managerial accomplishments.Organizations are altering now, and they will go on to alter in gild to last and thrive in a complex environment. We see organisations downsizing, organizing confederations, reservation new constructions, traveling planetary, prosecuting in joint ventures and using every more sophisticated applied sciences and they attempt to cov er with competitory force per unit areas. We see organisation prosecuting productiveness additions, authorising workers, pressing for invention, and seeking to accommodate themselves to outdo view altering times ( Dolan, 1994 ) .There is no uncertainty about it the waies are well-defined the hereafter is at that place. yet in order to win, directors must be willing to step frontward and do the personal and organisational alterations indispensable to procure it. Indeed, some advisers and writers are oppugning the very term director. They believe that the altering nature of organisations in the new work topographic point may do the term coordinator, or possibly train or facilitator, a more disposed description of the function. However, irrespective of the term used, the message is clear. The successful twenty-first century director will hold to do the behavioral and attitudinal accommodation necessary to win in genuinely dynamic clip ( Flippo, 1998 ) .STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMI t is an comprise theory that proper organisational behavior ensures the full use of on tap(predicate) educational installations and resources for the development of the organisation. Hence the flock was focused on the organisational demeanor of educational directors in NWFP.Importance OF THE STUDYOrganizational behavior is the yardstick which measures the clime of organisation. If the clime is worthy for optimal use of worker s possible, energy and capableness the organisation grows and ensures high quality merchandise. The educational directors are the anchor of educative procedure. They are the policy shapers, contrivers, implementers, decision makers and alteration agent in instruction. Any dictatorial and fruitful alteration in society is hard without instruction.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe present watch was conducted to educational directors observed facets of organisational behavior in educational institutes of Punjab holding by-line aimsTo find the function and map of acceptable behaviour of educational directors.To look into the manner of determination forge of instruction troughs.ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDYThe followers were the basic premise of the surveyIt was assumed that the Education directors were good assured of the construct of organisational behaviour and its deductions.It was assured that the instructors were cognizant of the construct of organisational behaviour, its constituents and determinants..DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe interest boundary lines were observed during the survey Merely public educational establishments were included in the survey.The survey comprised of unessential degree of instruction that is from category IX to XII.The caputs of the establishments and instruction officers up to grease degree were considered as educational directors.PROCEDURE OF THE STUDYThis was the descriptive/survey lineament of survey. Following process was adopted for its completion PopulationAll the directors working in the different e ducational organisations of NWFP were included in the population of the survey. All the instructors working in secondary instruction were besides taken in survey.SampleRandom trying technique was used for the choice of judge. Twenty caputs of secondary schools ten caputs of higher(prenominal) secondary and quintuplet instructors from each establishment were included in the survey. Eight Executive partition Officers and eight District Education Officers were besides taken in the sample. The sample was taken from eight territory of NWFP viz. Kohat, Peshawar, Bannu, , D.I..Khan, Mardan, Swabi, Abbotabad, and Manshera.Research InstrumentsTwo questionnaires were developed one for 256 directors and the other for 1200 instructors. The questionnaires were developed on Likert s 5-point graduated table. The questionnaires covered all the of import elements of organisational behaviour of Educational Directors.Data CollectionDatas were collected by the research worker in person. beginnin g(a) questionnaires were mailed to the sampled mark of respondents. The research worker personally visited the establishments for aggregation of teachings. keeping in position the clip factor, services of some representatives were besides employ who were made orientated in make fulling the questionnaires.Datas AnalysisThe Data collected through questionnaires were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by utilizing suited statistical tool of Chi-square. Findingss were worn and recommendations were made for the forward motion of organisational behaviour of educational directors in Punjab.Statement of pointsResponsesSAAUDDistrict attorneySDAEntirec2Educational directors are cognizant of the construct of organisational behavior or climeResponses3711208918256176.75* fortune14440357 vitamin CEducational directors are satisfied with the quality of instructors.Responses165101827256447.7*Percentage6200713 cytosineEducational directors involve the instructors in determination qualification Responses885012736256226.68*Percentage33305014100Educational directors are practised is determination doing techniquesResponses2179011937256114.07*Percentage83104714100Educational directors are train is communicatingResponses3915204718256274.41*Percentage15600187100They are just in covering with othersResponses5113205716256203.56*Percentage20520226100They believe in virtue and transparenceResponses611480461256285.81*Percentage24580180100Educational directors recommend inducements for good instructorsResponses4212905629256181.13*Percentage175002211100Educational directors are competent in direction accomplishmentsResponses1751015731256300.62*Percentage72006112100Educational directors emphasis on the impost of latest instructional engineeringResponses1247015641256289.6*Percentage51806116100* Significantdf= 4 table value of c2 at 0.05 = 9.488The above tabular roll 1 shows that value at 4 grade of freedom the c2 value at 0.05 = 9.488 which is greater than the table value the qis sq uare ( c2 ) value. The tabular array indicate that the deliberate value of c2 ( 176.75* , 447.4* , 226.28* , 114.07* , 274.41* , 203.56* , 285.81* , 181.13* , 300.62* and 289.6* ) is greater than the table value of c2 ( 9.4888 ) , hence there is important difference in the responses of the respondents. Some responses are positively accepted the class of agree so it is concluded that the respondents feel that educational directors are cognizant of the construct of organisational behavior or clime, they are trained is communicating, they are just in covering with others and they recommend inducements for good instructors. on the other side there a some responses which are in favor of negatively accepted They are satisfied with the quality of instructors is negatively accepted. It is concluded that quality of instructors need betterment, they involve the instructors in determination devising therefore the state of affairs needs betterment and educational director are trained is dete rmination doing techniques is negatively accepted. It means educational directors need developing which should be arranged decently.DecisionThe undermentioned decisions were drawn out after analysis of responses.Concept of organisational behaviour was clear to 58 % of the directors and bulk of the instructors were non clear about this construct. Hence they were non take parting volitionally and voluntarily to better it.Educational Directors. Not satisfied with the quality of the instructors. Through in their sentiments they tangled instructors in group engagement. They were besides of the sentiment that they involved instructors in decision-making. But the instructors were non trained in decision-making techniques. The instructors responded that the directors did non utilize democratic manner of leading.Educational Directors opined that they were trained in societal and commuting accomplishments. They distributed burden work oddly and they further inquiries for elucidation. They stressed the character edifice of instructors and educatees.The bulk of the educational directors responded that they could non guarantee suitable resources for each undertaking and service. The bulk of the instructors tell that organisational clime was non suited for better public presentation. They did non experience comfy. The workplace and rule of right adult masculine for right occupation was non maintained.The bulk of Educational Directors opined that they did non pattern the behavior personally that they would others to follow. They farther stated that they were non fair in utilizing financess. The bulk of the instructors stated that their wage were non sufficient to populate comfortably. The E.M did non take involvement in work expedition personal job of the instructors. The bulk of the instructors besides said that shortage of financess was snarl severely and system of answerability was weak and financess were misused.The bulk of the Educational Managers stated tha t they did non emphasize on the usage of latest instructional engineering in the categories due to its deficit. The bulk of the instructors besides verified that they did non utilize instructional engineering in the categories they besides did non utilize different motive techniques in the schoolrooms.RecommendationThe undermentioned recommendations were made in the visible radiation of the findings and aims of the survey.It was reported by both classs of the respondents that deficit of financess was felt severely. Pakistan was supplying fundss to the melody of 2.1 % of GDP to instruction which was really little for bettering the system and organisational demands. It is strongly recommended that at least the budget for instruction should be doubled.Both classs of respondents, the educational directors and instructors stated that system of answerability is weak. It is an constituted rule that merely proper answerability mechanisms can heighten betterment of public presentation hence it was recommended that proper efficient and effectual answerability system should be introduced from top to bottom in the territory garbage disposal of instruction. For this purpose particular preparation should be arranged for educational troughs and instructors at approachable centres.Majority of both the classs of respondents replied that they were non trained in motive, societal, communicating and decision-making accomplishments. It was recommended that oscillating preparation should be assigned for educational directors and instructor for their preparation in motive leading, communicating interpersonal dealingss, instructor pupils dealingss, and determination devising techniques. This type of preparation should be arranged with the aid of experts of relevant Fieldss. The new information and instructional engineering should be utilised decently. The instructors should be trained in faculty members for professional development and every instructor should be give the equal op portunity to take part in in-service preparation under certain cyclic order.The bulk of the respondents reported that there was an acute deficit of educational installations like books, cyberspace, reckon machine, equipment, athleticss stuff and conveyance etc. The research worker felt that such state of affairs was due to shortage of financess and to some extent due to the carelessness of the caputs. It was recommended that chemical and equipment for research labs, books, computing machines and internet installation for libraries, athleticss stuffs for games, and furniture should be provided to all the secondary and higher secondary schools on precedence footing. The aid of community and local administration can be solicited.The bulk of the respondents replied that there was a political intervention in educational organisations which led to upset the organisational behaviour. It was recommended that confidence should be got from the political parties by the authorities, non to di srupt the educational environment. Furthermore, working of political groups through pupil brotherhoods should be banned in the establishments.AUTHORS INFORMATIONMr.Muhammad Naeem Butt is working as reviewer in work of Education and Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.. He did his M.Phil in Education from Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar Pakistan nb840 yahoo.comDr. Muhammad Iqbal is soon working as professor of Education in Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar PakistanDr. Muhammad Naseer-Ud-Din is working as an Assistant Professor in Institute of Education and Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. He did his Phd in Education from University Institute of Education and Research, UAAR, Pakistan.Electronic mail naseer_khanpk2000 yahoo.comDr. Ishtiaq Hussain is working as an Assistant Professor in Institute of Education and Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.Miss. Safia Noor is soon working as chief Govt. Girls High School, Charsada, Pakistan. She did her M.Phil in instruction.

Negotiable Instrument

Plymouth Horizon automobile, gutter Lowbrows gave sortie a handwritten honor which stated the following l promise to pay $ five hundred In two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013. The following language was include on the back of the indite The 1990 Plymouth Horizon which Is the idea of this transaction serves as collateral to desexualize re allowance of this punctuate. The maker agrees not to sell or otherwise dispose of the collateral.Please have the corresponding security agreement for rights and obligations clever thereto. Is this a transportable factor? RULE 3-106 permits the Instrument to signify the expatiate of the underlying crusade without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not do present to the performance of that contract. In exchange for Sally Johnnys 1990 Plymouth Horizon automobile, John $500 in two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013.The following is the subject of this transaction serves as c ollateral to secure refund of this note. A negotiable instrument? S 3-106 permits the instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made subject to the performance of that contract. The instruments is negotiable because It character the content of the contract regarding rights to refund and acceleration.Negotiable InstrumentPlymouth Horizon automobile, John Lowbrows gave Sally a handwritten note which stated the following l promise to pay $500 In two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013. The following language was included on the back of the writing The 1990 Plymouth Horizon which Is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. The maker agrees not to sell or otherwise dispose of the collateral.Please see the corresponding security agreement for rights and obligations pertinent thereto. Is this a negotiable Instrument? RULE 3-106 permits the Instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made subject to the performance of that contract. In exchange for Sally Johnnys 1990 Plymouth Horizon automobile, John $500 in two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013.The following is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. A negotiable instrument? S 3-106 permits the instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made subject to the performance of that contract. The instruments is negotiable because It reference the content of the contract regarding rights to repayment and acceleration.

Introduction Internet Protocol Suite Essay

The profits communications communications protocol suite is the come out of communications protocols utilize for the Internet and similar nedeucerks, and gener all in ally the nearly popularprotocol bunch for wide area networks. It is commonly drive inn as transmission control protocol/IP, because of its most important protocols Transmission Control communications protocol(transmission control protocol) and Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first networking protocols specify in this standard. It is occasionally known as the DoD stick receivable to the foundational influence of the ARPANET in the 1970s (operated by DARPA, an agency of the United States segment of Defense).transmission control protocol/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how tuition should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. It has four abstraction grades, each(prenominal) with its own protocols. From lowest to highest, the levels are The slee per tier (commonly Ethernet) contains communication technologies for a local anesthetic anesthetic network. The internet story (IP) connects local networks, thus establishing internetworking. The post level (TCP) handles forces-to-host communication.See more introduction separate exampleThe performance form (for example HTTP) contains all protocols for specific entropy communications services on a process-to-process level (for example how a web browser communicates with a web server). The TCP/IP theoretical account and related protocols are maintained by the Internet Engineering labor movement Force (IETF). SRI First Internetworked Connection diagram Layers in the Internet protocol suite Two Internet hosts connected via two routers and the corresponding layers used at each hop. The application on each host executes croupvas and write operations as if the processes were directly connected to each new(prenominal) by some kind of selective information pipe.Every other s pot of the communication is hidden from each process. The underlying mechanisms that transmit info among the host computers are subsided in the lower protocol layers. Encapsulation of application data descending through the layers described in RFC 1122 The Internet protocol suite uses encapsulation to provide abstraction of protocols and services. Encapsulation is usually aligned with the division of the protocol suite into layers of general functionality. In general, an application (the highest level of the model) uses a forwardness of protocols to send its data down the layers, being kick upstairs encapsulated at each level.The layers of the protocol suite near the top are logically close-hauled to the user application, while those near the bottom are logically adjacent to the physical transmission of the data. Viewing layers as providing or consuming a service is a method ofabstraction to isolate upper layer protocols from the bosom detail of transmitting bits over, for e xample, Ethernet and collision detection, while the lower layers avoid having to know the details of each and every application and its protocol.Even when the layers are examined, the assorted architectural enrolmentsthere is no single architectural model much(prenominal)(prenominal) as ISO 7498, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model bring on fewer and less(prenominal) rigidly defined layers than the OSI model, and thus provide an easier fit for real-world protocols. In fate of fact, one frequently referenced document, RFC 1958, does not contain a voltaic pile of layers. The lack of emphasis on layering is a strong difference in the midst of the IETF and OSI approaches.It only refers to the make itence of the internetworking layer and generally to upper layers this document was intend as a 1996 snapshot of the architecture The Internet and its architecture have grown in evolutionary fashion from modest beginnings, rather than from a Grand Plan. While this process of ev olution is one of the main reasons for the applied sciences success, it nevertheless seems useful to record a snapshot of the up-to-the-minute principles of the Internet architecture.RFC 1122, entitled Host Requirements, is structured in paragraphs referring to layers, tho the document refers to many other architectural principles not emphasizing layering. It loosely defines a four-layer model, with the layers having names, not numbers, as follows Application layer (process-to-process) This is the scope within which applications pretend user data and communicate this data to other processes or applications on another(prenominal)(prenominal) or the same host. The communications partners are often called peers.This is where the higher(prenominal) level protocols such as SMTP, FTP, SSH, HTTP, etc. operate. Transport layer (host-to-host) The raptus layer constitutes the networking regime between two network hosts, either on the local network or on remote networks separated by route rs. The channelise layer provides a uniform networking interface that hides the actual topographic anatomy (layout) of the underlying network connections. This is where flow-control, error-correction, and connection protocols exist, such as TCP. This layer deals with fount and maintaining connections between Internet hosts. Internet layer (internetworking) The internet layer has the travail of exchanging datagrams across network boundaries. It is therefore besides referred to as the layer that establishes internetworking, indeed, it defines and establishes the Internet.This layer defines the addressing and routing structures used for the TCP/IP protocol suite. The primary protocol in this scope is the Internet Protocol, which defines IP addresses. Its function in routing is to transport datagrams to the adjacent IP router that has the connectivity to a network closer to the final data destination. impinging layer This layer defines the networking methods within the scope of th e local network subsume on which hosts communicate without intervening routers. This layer describes the protocols used to describe the local network topology and the interfaces needed to effect transmission of Internet layer datagrams to future(a)-neighbor hosts. (cf. the OSI data plug into layer). The Internet protocol suite and the layered protocol stack design were in use before the OSI model was established.Since then, the TCP/IP model has been compared with the OSI model in books and classrooms, which often results in bewilderment because the two models use contrasting assumptions, including about the relative importance of unrelenting layering. This abstraction also allows upper layers to provide services that the lower layers cannot, or hire not, to provide. Again, the original OSI model was extended to include connectionless services (OSIRM CL). For example, IP is not designed to be reliable and is a best motion delivery protocol.This means that all transport layer implementations must choose whether or not to provide reliability and to what degree. UDP provides data integrity (via a checksum) but does not guarantee delivery TCP provides both data integrity and delivery guarantee (by retransmitting until the receiver acknowledges the reception of the packet). This model lacks the pretense of the OSI model and associated documents, but the IETF does not use a formal model and does not consider this a limitation, as in the comment by David D. Clark, We reject kings, presidents and voting.We believe in rough consensus and running code. Criticisms of this model, which have been make with respect to the OSI model, often do not consider ISOs afterward extensions to that model. 1. For multiaccess tie-ins with their own addressing systems (e. g. Ethernet) an address mapping protocol is needed. Such protocols can be considered to be below IP but above the quick contact system. While the IETF does not use the terminology, this is a subnetwork depe ndent overlap facility according to an extension to the OSI model, the internal organization of the network layer (IONL). . ICMP & IGMP operate on top of IP but do not transport data like UDP or TCP. Again, this functionality exists as layer management extensions to the OSI model, in its Management Framework (OSIRM MF) . 3. The SSL/TLS library operates above the transport layer (uses TCP) but below application protocols. Again, there was no intention, on the part of the designers of these protocols, to comply with OSI architecture. 4. The bind is treated like a depressed box here. This is fine for argueing IP (since the whole point of IP is it ordain run over virtually anything).The IETF explicitly does not intend to discuss transmission systems, which is a less academic but practical selection to the OSI model. The following is a description of each layer in the TCP/IP networking model starting from the lowest level. Link layer The link layer is the networking scope of the local network connection to which a host is attached. This regime is called the link in Internet literature. This is the lowest component layer of the Internet protocols, as TCP/IP is designed to be hardware independent.As a result TCP/IP is able to be implemented on top of virtually any hardware networking technology. The link layer is used to move packets between the Internet layer interfaces of two different hosts on the same link. The processes of transmitting and receiving packets on a abandoned link can be controlled both in the software doojigger driver for the network card, as well as on microcode or specialized chipsets. These will perform data link functions such as adding a packet header to prepare it for transmission, then actually transmit the frame over a physical medium.The TCP/IP model includes specifications of translating the network addressing methods used in the Internet Protocol to data link addressing, such as Media Access Control (MAC), however all other a spects below that level are implicitly assumed to exist in the link layer, but are not explicitly defined. This is also the layer where packets may be selected to be sent over a virtual private network or other networking tunnel. In this scenario, the link layer data may be considered application data which traverses another instantiation of the IP stack for transmission or reception over another IP connection.Such a connection, or virtual link, may be established with a transport protocol or even an application scope protocol that serves as a tunnel in the link layer of the protocol stack. Thus, the TCP/IP model does not regulate a strict hierarchical encapsulation sequence. Internet layer The internet layer has the responsibility of sending packets across potentially multiple networks. Internetworking requires sending data from the source network to the destination network.This process is called routing In the Internet protocol suite, the Internet Protocol performs two basic func tions Host addressing and identification This is unadulterated with a hierarchical addressing system (see IP address). Packet routing This is the basic labour of sending packets of data (datagrams) from source to destination by sending them to the next network node (router) closer to the final destination. The internet layer is not only agnostic of application data structures at the transport layer, but it also does not distinguish between operation of the various transport layer protocols.So, IP can carry data for a mix of different upper layer protocols. These protocols are each identified by a unique protocol number for example, Internet Control sum Protocol (ICMP) and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) are protocols 1 and 2, respectively. Some of the protocols carried by IP, such as ICMP (used to transmit diagnostic information about IP transmission) and IGMP (used to manage IP Multicast data) are layered on top of IP but perform internetworking functions.This illustr ates the differences in the architecture of the TCP/IP stack of the Internet and the OSI model. The internet layer only provides an perfidious datagram transmission facility between hosts located on potentially different IP networks by forwarding the transport layer datagrams to an appropriate next-hop router for further relaying to its destination. With this functionality, the internet layer makes possible internetworking, the interworking of different IP networks, and it essentially establishes the Internet. The Internet Protocol is the rincipal component of the internet layer, and it defines two addressing systems to identify network hosts computers, and to locate them on the network. The original address system of the ARPANET and its successor, the Internet, is Internet Protocol adaption 4 (IPv4). It uses a 32-bit IP address and is therefore capable of identifying more or less four billion hosts. This limitation was eliminated by the standardization of Internet Protocol versi on 6 (IPv6) in 1998, and beginning production implementations in somewhat 2006.

Gender Based Discrimination in the Novel Things Fall Apart Essay

In regions especially where poverty and ignorance are widespread, community are generally be in dispair. Living in such(prenominal) hard conditions and being unable to get rid of the accompani manpowert, the man is melt to unload his suppressed resentment by using brute posture on his houshold. The man who is not satisfied with his achievments and dont have dignity in his social life, tries to establish domination over women through agression. Therefore masculanity is associated with agression and violence.And that situation leads to discrimination and conflict between the two genders. But unfortunately, the gender-based discrimination happens everywhere, even in the western ,industrialized nations that are thought to be closest to an grand modern egalitarian treatment for women. Although western women have legal freedoms, the adjust to vote and to own property they still dont enjoy full equating with men, nor are they socially valued or esteemed as men.The innovation of gend er based discrimination may be analyzed in the aspects of interpretion of gender, domestic life of women, women & sexuality and the roles of men, among various times and cultures. ground on the novel Things Fall Apart we deduce that in Nigerian community women led a domestic life, being in delegation of breeding their children, cooking and serving to their economizes as well as not being able to participate the social life and ceremonies, while the men are in charge of taking all decisions about the community. ( Chapter 10, pages 77-78 )Also, a mans power was measured by his physical strength. If ane hasnt got a name by bloodshed he was called as agbala which to a fault means woman. As a concequence of being a strong men, they a great deal beat and threaten their wives. Similarly, plural marriage is widespread and virginity is considered as a merit. Since a woman is not valuable herself, she is always described whether as a daughter or a wife of a man. If she asks for divorc e, her husband wants the bride-prize he had given back, which is very insulting as the marriage became a trade.This ideology is also widely seen in Turkey and many early(a) Middle Eastern countries supported by the ethnic morals. In rural areas many women are being killed due to chastity by her kins. In cities, althogh they work more than men they are slight prefered and less paid. Needless to say that, these obstacles can only be passed over with the comportment of the more educated individuals who are able to establish healthy relationships with women. For that campaign both gender must be aware of their rights and values in the community.

Critical Thinking â€Factors that Influence Adult Learning Essay

Being equal to(p) to analyze and envision research studies requires quantitative reasoning. The innovation of this assignment is to help you describe accustomed to identifying the various parts of a research excogitate. Be genuine to review the module homepage and background information before you begin entirely of the assignments in this course. In general, the best way to approach the assignment is to take on the hold through rather rapidly in order to conk out an impression of its general content then read it more easily and make appropriate nones so you can complete the assignment as directed below.Organize your paper using these headings, in this order. Your paper should sense of smell like the following list/outline, with these same subheadings listed in the same order. precisely provide the information for each slit. I already know that the authors of the hold can identify their purpose, hypothesis, etc. so you will not induce credit for copying the informa tion from the article. Show me what you understand after reading the article. Explain each section truly briefly so I can see what you learned from reading the article.Your summary of each section must be written in your experience words. Do not copy or simply paraphrase. Reference This should be so ideal that the reader can go directly from your abstract to the original article. develop a complete APA style reference. (Hint the reference above is in APA style, so your reference should like that) Purpose of the write up abouttimes the purpose is say as an aim, an objective, or a goal. At different times, it is incorporated in a assignment of a problem, leaving the reader to infer the purpose has a stated problem, a purpose, or both.If the purpose is inferred, you may state it in your own words. Participants The term participant refers to the experiment studied. Under this heading, you should accommodate a description of ages, sexes, socio-economic status, school grade, m ental level, number, and/or any other demographic characteristics given in the article to describe the particular s vitamin Ale use in the register. Type of Study Was it a quantitative or a qualitative occupy? Or were both types of data used? Please explain why you think so. Hypothesis What is the hypothesis of the theatre of operations?If the hypothesis is inferred, you may state it in your own words. Procedure Sometimes the procedure is referred to as the method and includes a description of control techniques, bill devices, materials used and ways of proceeding, in attempting to achieve the purpose or purposes of the correction. statistical Tests Identify the statistical tests used in the article examples might be chi squargon (x2), t-test, f-test, Mann-Whitney, etc. Results or Findings What actual data was inform by the author of the breeding? Explain the results get intot in force(p) copy them.Conclusions What does the author of the research article believe the result s or findings conceive? Critique In each of the previous sections, you have been reporting what the article said. Now, I want you to think critically about what youve learned, and give me your own thoughts. Briefly describe your reaction to the article. For example, was it well-organized? Easy or herculean to understand (please explain why)? Did it present diverse perspectives about the topic? Dont limit yourself to just these questions be reflective about what you read.Critical view Factors that Influence Adult Learning Reference Vonderwell, S. , & Zachariah, S. (2005). Factors that influence affair in online learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(2), 213-230. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/274761283? accountid=28844. Park, J. , & Choi, H. J. (2009). Factors influencing adult learners decision to drop out or persist in online learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 207-n/a. Retrieved from http//search. pr oquest. com/docview/1287038599? ccountid=28844 Purpose of the study Vonderwell and Zachariah conducted a study to look at the factors that influenced learner participation. They looked into several sections at the midwestern University. They found that for online comprehension must have common goals as all the members are dependent on each other for success creating a learning community and not just an individual (Vonderwell, S. , & Zachariah, S. 2005). Participants This study encompassed 147 learners that discontinued in one to three online courses between the fall of 2005 through the summer of 2007.This study was conducted with males and females from the ages of 20 to over 40. Type of Study This was a quantitative and a qualitative study. This study was a quantitative study as it showed the number of learners that drop out due to varies variables scheduling conflicts, family and force out issues, financial problems, managerial support. This study is also expressed as a quantit ative as its goal is to show the dropout rate and change the doings from a broader perspective and a more mortalable way as to check on the students and see their status.Hypothesis I believe from this study that adult online learners are more apparent to drop out when they do not receive support from their internal and international structures and sources that lead take and motivate their lives independently along with enrolling in course that are able to effect and are relevant to their lives. Procedure The method of this study was conducted was community and sample Statistical Tests This study used the longitudinal process of dropout surmount education test, the estimated marginal means of relevance, estimated marginal means of satisfaction.Results or Findings This study showed that there are many factors that affect online learners such as external factors (family), internal (to themselves) and the difference in what the learners desires in an online course and resolving t o await motivated in the course if it is relevant to their life in some way. Critique As I am not best person with reading comprehension and am a bottle line up front (BLUF) this article was a dry read to me and rather difficult to pick out all the test that were conducted.Although, the overall result were very plainly stated that online learner has outside influences that guide them in the shutting of a course and their motivation to remain. I thought it was interesting that the study addressed administrators and instructors roles strictly to support the student on all levels where possible. Conclusions This study concluded that online learns are more likely to drop out when they dont receive support (weather internal, external, and personal). Also, it showed that online student are less likely to drop out when they are motivated by the course and are content with and the practicality to their own lives.

The Effects of Working Overseas of Filipino Parents

THE EFFECTS OF WORKING OVERSEAS OF Filipino PARENTS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THEIR CHILDREN by Pascual, Kristelle D. March 21, 2012 Introduction As humpd by m whatsoever Filipino children like me nowadays, separation from virtuoso of our recruits impressions to a in truth big(p) impact in our lives. Unlike any some otherwise children with twain p atomic number 18nts present at star sign, heave us up regards more driving force and likeful attention since that in that respect is alone one attending lift.The temporary single mention at home must pay back the ability to handle things very easilyfrom raising children up to the accomplishing of mob chores, and even to the budgeting of resources, like money and sentence. Fortunately, as for me who obligate witnessed such, I gouge say that my become did very rise in handling these t acquires, considering there be three of us she had to take care of. The academic doing of children is affected when one of th eir proves, especi tout ensembley when both, are conk proscribedings overseas. These effectuate are just the manifestations of the situation families capture when one cite or the produces, is/are not present at home.This paper aims to depart the effects that are observable and some of their psychological factors. The Filipino Family oscilloscope Families provide companionable and aflame wears that help family members cope with crisesBut perchance the most widely recognized and universal functions of the family are the care gr holdup and training that names and other family members provide for their young. (Shaffer, 1999, 558) Filipino families have great values, which up to now are still present. They are known to put a great importance to family, because one of the most ladingy and intimate relationships among reality is that between produce and child.It is important especially for the child because it makes him feel arrest about life sentence and molds his future (Bigner, 1989). This is the reason wherefore in the Philippines, they have extended families. Since that family members become very close to one another, they have a hard time letting go of a family member when he unavoidably to leave home during the time he decides to build his own family. Furthermore, in the Spanish colonial period, solely men were sent to initiate to discipline, and women were to stay at home to do domestic things, like household chores.It is in the history that women do not have the right to learn because they are probably designed to be housewives, and they need to focus on that. Men, on the other hand, study so that in the future, they could earn a living for their family. As a very influential culture oblige by the Spaniards, this, until now, has been an ideal Filipino family custommen are to work, women are to stay at home. Labor Migration Nevertheless, today, because of the financial instabilities Filipino families face today, they are forced to send an able-bodied member to work and earn a living for them.In addition, with a great number of Filipinos sent everyday to incompatible countries around the world, a single Filipino family also suffers from temporary release of a family member each day (Parrenas, 2006). Labor migration has always been the for the first time choice of families in need of more financial support so as a result, separation normally happens every day in the Philippines, which leads to various effects in the behavior of family members, especially to children. One event is its effect to their academic act.In the modern nuclear family, usually, comes work abroadwhich proves that the tradition above is somewhat still alive. They fulfill their duty as the proficient providers of the family while as for the mothers, they do the traditional household responsibilities by putting all of their energy into meeting the daily needs of the family. However, because of this work category of parents, childr en crave for aflame guidance access from their father. However, since a gap develops finished the course of time (embarrassment), it prevents them from expressing this desire.This is consort to Rhazel S. Parrenas who wrote the book, Children of Global Migration (2006). Mothers rarely go outside of the country to look for work opportunities without being driven by the deep urgency of the family financially, or else, the children are more plausibly to question their motives (Parrenas, 2006). The only time that mothers pursue work overseas must be when they badly need money to support the family that both of the parents must go, the father is incapable of working, or the mother is a single parent.The Situation of Family Members later Separation As an effect of the economic problem, parents, mostly fathers, choose to work abroad to support the needs of their family. Therefore, in every decision made, there is always separation afterwards, and it always, has an effect on the fam ily members On the Migrant parent The decision is the first hard thing to do. Leaving the family means vanishminded important events and giving up being in the actual maturation up of his/her children. It requires absence seizure to meeting the daily emotional needs of the family.Furthermore, the hardest is when this parent encounters problemswhitethorn it be in health, financial, or workhe/she has to face them alone. The person has to be plastered emotionally especially when feeling homesick. The parent should focus also on the goal of meeting the needs of his/her family, so that his/her convictions go forth not sway when distractions come on his /her family. On the Non-migrant parent The pressure of raising the children alone is passed on to the non-migrant parent. Fulfilling both duties of a mother and father is difficult and strenuous at the same time.In addition, the parent suffers from emotional struggle from being separated with his/her spouse. Like the other parent, h e/she experiences distractions. However, the weight is doubled, because this parent needs to show a strong personality and unswerving stance on the situation while at the same time, doing all of his/her duties at home, and/or sometimes working part time to support the family more. On the Children Children growing without one of the parents or both of them can result in diverse responses from children. They can respond positively or negatively.The necessity of having the parents present is one big factor on how well they exit turn out in the future. Therefore, it depends on how the parents handle the situation in the family that the children bequeathing be able to bear it and respond to it properly. As I have said earlier, the parents have to keep their stance firm in these kinds of situations. They need to have trust and confidence in each other. They, also, need to have constant communication to address to each other their needs to build a strong relationship within the famil y despite the absence of one family member. More than anything in the world today, children need strong parents with strong convictions, a set of values and principles by which they live. Without such strength of convictions and principles, our children bear out a good chance of simply being gobbled up by the social pressure in the world. (Dacayanan &038 Isaac, 1974) The Effect of Labor Migration Childhood is a very crucial stage for children. It is the time when children get the values that will found their behavior when they grow up. Therefore, parents role is very essential.harmonize to Guthrie and Jacobs (1967), during the earliest childishness years, child gets the attention of older slew. However, as he grows, people foretell him to become conscious of the things he ought to do and not to do. Not only that these things vary with the time and mood of people older than he does, he is compelled to obey them and to predict what pleases or displeases them. About the things the y encounter, children wonder and try to ask unending questions to their parents believing their parents can answer them. If the children put on responsive answers to their questions, they will be encouraged to find out more answers.On the other hand, when children receive unresponsive answers, or worse, are ignored, they will just try to mental image things out on their own, and thus, starting drop of communication between the parent and child. This is according to Felicidad Dacayanan and Josefina Isaac in their book, Towards Building the Filipino Family Today (1974). Childhood is the time when children need the presence of their parents the most. Nevertheless, how about those children with parents separated because of working overseas? How well will they turn when they grow up?On the Behavior of Children When children experience separation, there is a sudden change in their behavior. Children are immature. When they are given an entirely new situation, their behaviors that are m anifested will be persistent according to it, for getting the previous one (Dacayanan &038 Isaac, 1974). Therefore, when children experience separation, they are quick to respond. According to Ortigas (1996), there are stages of attachment/detachment. First, the child denies the situation. He chooses to be silver screen to reality in sound out to cope with the situation.Second, when he feels that he cannot really cope with it, he becomes depressed. In this period, the child lacks interest in doing thingsplaying, studying, eat and the like. He pities him ego about the situation and feels helpless and hopeless. After that, different thoughts will start dwelling inside his mind. One of these is fear of abandonment. The child clings to other parent fearing that the parent left may also leave him since the absent parent was able to leave him. As a result, the child becomes submissive to the parent, or acts unacceptably to get attention from the parent.Another thought that will land his mind is that he may be the cause of separation of the parents, devising him feel guilty eventually. Hence, it will start the self-blame of the child. Because of this, he starts acting out behaviors that will lead to punishment. Lastly, he develops low self-esteem. In this period, he feels deplorable and unlovable, maybe because of the punishments received from acting real behaviors. The child thinks that this is the reason why the absent parent left him, and develops helplessness especially when he does not see much concern from the absent parent.These effects lead to certain manifestations in the actions of the children. To be particular, the situation compromises their academic performance. On the Academic procedure of Children Students belonging to a family with a migrant parent sometimes have bad images, like being pasaway in cultivate, back then. It was an issue for people to have single parent familiesbecause it was not still the first in mind when it comes to findin g a high-paying job, assuming that children belonging in an blemished nuclear family structure connote poor academic performance. Different studies produced different hypotheses about the topic.Nevertheless, the presence of both of the parents, the mother only, the father only, or none of them has different outcomes Children with two parent migrant families are more likely to suffer from poor guardianship. In fact, many children, according to an interview, who dropped out of rail, had all been members of those types of family who experience separation from their parents for a long time (Parrenas, 2006). Another eyepatch of information is in agreement with the earlier Children in single parent families are at a greater risk than children in other types of family.Even though they have the same level of intelligence with other children, they are three or more times to drop out of school. (Adoption. com) Furthermore, according to Hoffman (1967), daughters of employed mother are acade mic achievers, are successful in their careers, and are more independent. On the other hand, children in poverty, in both two-parent or single families with employed mothers, have higher cognitive and socio-emotional indices scores. In addition, sons from the middle class with employed mothers have lower school performance and lower I. Q scores in the early years in school than those with mothers at home.One finding from the 1970s from the blue-collar class said that sons of employed mothers did well academically however, there was a strain in the father-son relationship. It is true that life in single parent family structure can be very difficult. Children, as said earlier, are more prone to suffer emotional struggles. As a result, they have greater chances to act inappropriately, especially if the parent left is busy working too. This can result in lack of time in disciplining and controlling their children, which often lead to lower school performance or misinterpretationsthat th e parents left does not love them.Some researchers suggest that family has great impact on the academic performance of children. It is a factor in the involvement of parents in their education. Income is a pressure that can limit parents effort from supporting them. (Adoption. com) Nevertheless, this is not true in all situations some children coming from the single parent families perform well in school. This may be credited to how well the family coped with the situation, and how firm the parent left stood firm on the situation.As I have pointed on the first part of this research, Families provide social and emotional supports that help family members cope with crisesBut perhaps the most widely recognized and universal functions of the family are the care giving and training that parents and other family members provide for their young. (Shaffer, 1999, 558) socialising and date as factors to Prevention of the bad effects Children become what they are today through interaction a nd exposuregetting values from people surrounding them and using everything hey acquired from the environment. This process of becoming self is fastest and crucial in the formative years because parents leave a mark on children, which schools will have a hard time correcting. This must not be taken for granted by Filipino parents who consider that all children in tender years can be ignored because they are still unaware (Dacayanan &038 Isaac, 1974). Studies about the topic may differ from one to another, may they agree or not, the performance of children in school is not dependent upon their situation.It is dependent on how the family handles it, starting from the responses of the parents, to their predilection of it to children, and to how children would respond to it. According to Shaffer (1999), in his book, Developmental Psychology Childhood &038 Adolscence, Socialization is a process by which children gain the beliefs, values, and behaviors considered fit by elders in the soci ety which serves it through controlling childrens behavior, promoting growth in order to function well within their communities, and imparting what they have learned as social adults to their children.However, time spent with the children is also a factor in edifice a good relationship in the family. Therefore, it is possible for children with parents working overseas to perform well in school, because parents can control their responses to situations. Generalizations Time together, mutual efforts for more open communication and greater understanding could let off the gap in father-away families. (Parrenas, 2006, 78) Indeed, working overseas of Filipino parents affects the academic performance of their children, may it be in good or in bad.However, we can minimize the bad effects, and only reap good effects of it, by simply applying what has been said above. The family is not built to function individually it is orbit in the society built to function as a whole. Hence, the resu lt to the problem cannot be solved by anyone else, but ourselves. Reference slant Adoption. com (n. d. ). Single parenting and childrens academic achievement. Retrieved January 31, 2012, from http//library. adoption. com/articles/single-parenting-and-childrens-academic-achievement. tml Bigner, J. J. (1989). Parent-Child Relations. (Third Ed. ). New York Macmillan Publishing telephoner Dacayanan, F. M. , &038 Isaac, J. D. R. (1974). Towards building the Filipino family today. Quezon City Bustamante shake Guthrie, G. M. &038 Jacobs, P. J. (1967). Child rearing and personality reading in the Philippines. Manila The Bookmark, Inc. Hoffman, L. W. (1967). The effects of the mothers employment on the family and the child. Retrieved January 31, 2012, from parenthood. ibrary. wisc. edu/Hoffman/Hoffman. html Ortigas, C. D. (1996). The Solo-parent experience A growing social phenomenom. Quezon City blank space of the Research and Publications Ateneo de Manila University Parrenas, R. S. (2 006). Children of global migration Transnational families and gendered woes. Quezon City Ateneo de Manila University Press Shaffer, D. R. (1999). Developmental Psychology Chilhood and Adolescence. (Fifth Ed). USA Brooks/Cole Publishing Company

Sci 275 Week 8 Assignment Energy Resource Plan

Water Re base Plan Written by EMMANUEL MCCLAIN Axia University of capital of Arizona SCI 275 Instructor TED BREWSTER Eutrophication is the depletion of oxygen in an aquatic ecosystem. Eutrophication derives when a body of water enriched with excess nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus from d.o.a. architectural figuret material and waste. newton defilement largely derived from agricultural fertilizers and emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. Phosphorus contamination comes from wastewater treatment and detergents. These elements and compounds make their way to coastal areas through the drainage networks of rivers and streams.This nutrient and phosphorus mix results in increased algae suppuration that makes water cloudy and unhealthy. in that respect are two ways for eutrophication to occur the for the show cartridge holder time is artificial eutrophication through the release of sewage, fertilizers and grey water into instinctive waterways. The second occurs is naturally occurring over lakes and tri furtheraries that flood and pick up dead vegetation, cattle manure and fertilizer. This can lead to loss of biodiversity, global warming, and pollution of drinking water, fish kills, acid rain, and ozone depletion.However, the main culprit behind humanity caused eutrophication is the phosphorus released from sewage, septic systems and fertilizers. This point source pollution enriches the water and causes a buildup of algae and cyanobacteria in the ecosystem. The process of photosynthesis thence starts as the take down feeding on the nitrogen and phosphorus enriched environment leading to mysterious and hard to see through water this is a sign of eutrophication. My sustainability plan is to educate others on the causes of eutrophication and the effects it has on ecosystems.Increasing awareness allow for allow many to pinpoint possible sources and causes of eutrophication in their local ecosystems. My first step is to educate myself on the c auses and effects of eutrophication. I lead investigate the internet as well as coadjutors reviewed articles. I forgeting then develop an educational tool such as a PowerPoint foundation to highlight how humans through artificial eutrophication add to the already naturally occurring process. I impart include how eutrophication affects humans, animals, fish and plant life.I pass on then schedule a meeting with the community board members and adjure local residents to discuss eutrophication. 1) I will spend the first triad months studying and learning about the cause and effects of eutrophication on ecosystems. 2) I will use the library to research the topic to find peer reviewed articles. Using the internet to research magazine, newspaper articles, and DOH and EPA websites, I will gather learning regarding how phosphorous and nitrogen get into ecosystems what it involves and how to stop them from forming. ) I will spend several weeks creating a PowerPoint presentation tha t explains what eutrophication is how it develops, what cause it, and how to keep on it. 4) In the final month, I will schedule the time and twenty-four hours of the presentation. 5) I will invite the community and homeowners. I will first spend time at home gathering the necessary information and research. I will then incorporate this data together to occasion a cohesive story involving eutrophication. I will then home base all this into speaker notes and find scenes for use as pictures in the presentation.In order to schedule a meeting with the Homeowners Association I will first create time to introduce myself to the homeowners committee. I will use several friends and associates to make introduction easier. I will then request permission to present information to the committee at the next available meeting. After scheduling the meeting, I will come on to invite fellow businesses and homeowners to attend. The research will require anywhere from 1-3 months to discharge while the PowerPoint presentation will take anywhere from 1-3 weeks.Scheduling time with the homeowners association will be at the next scheduled meeting. Overall, it will be an ongoing process but should take no much than 5 months to complete altogether. The problems that may occur are that point source pollution is not the only cause of eutrophication. There can be several causes of eutrophication including nonpoint source pollution such as urban runoff. There are areas that have limited supplies of drinking water and count on areas infiltrated by eutrophication.The local vegetation that live and thrive in this infect ecosystems are choked and killed off. The dead vegetation allows many different species of algae to thrive and form. While the lack of oxygen created from the photosynthesis kills many species of fish. There is an teetotum to this plan the excess phosphorous taken from these areas can be position into landfills. There is a shortage of phosphorus on land and this would financial aid revitalize many fields. There are several limitations to the plan the plan would need the community as a whole to effectively competitiveness eutrophication.This would require not only the co routine of the local Home Owners Association but every local business in the community. Eutrophication also increases with the rising enquire of meats and fossil fuels. Developed nations and developing nations alike will see a rise in eutrophication. The problem overall would be resources funding an operation to clean up local waterways and make local industry and sewage systems compliable can cost millions of dollars easily many cities and states are cash strapped and fasten their budgets.References Eisberg, N. (2009, August 10). Getting to the clean point of use. Chemistry &038 Industry , 11. retrieved from Pheonix University online library website Powersearch . Welch, M. A. (2009). Lake Clean up Plan Panned. Winnepeg Free Press , B. 2. retrieved from Pheonix University onl ine library website Powersearch . Writers, S. (2009). nutritious Pollution Chokes Marine And Freshwater Ecosystems. Space Daily . retrieved from Pheonix University online library website Powersearch .

Thesis Reading

The title of the dissertation that I chose for my Thesis Reading is BARKADAHAN SA MC Communication indoors compeer Groups in Miriam College and how it contains the members to commit major violations of shallow rules. It was written by quaternary authors namely, Catherine J. Macasaet, Michelle Corazon S. Robles, Alexandrea Camille C. Rodriguez, and Anna Monica T. Torres. The dissertation was published on February 9, 2008 and was submitted as a partial fulfilment of the authors requirements in Communication Arts.The problem of the said thesis is, Does communication within peer throngs in Miriam College lead its members to commit major violations of groomhouse rules? and with this creation said, their general objective is to identify whether communication within Miriam College students affect their chances of committing indoctrinate violations. According to the findings of the congregation members of the thesis, based on the survey that they have conducted, nigh all of th eir respondents are part of a peer separate or what they mostly call as a barkada. Only 3 aside of a hundred responded no when asked if they belong to one.And with this, those who answered yes to the question showed some symptoms of Groupthink that lead them to committing violations of schooltime rules. The Groupthink phenomenon allowed the students of certain peer throngs to have faulty terminations causing them to do wrong actions. The conference also discussed the activities that peer root words mostly do and their self-evaluation of their school performance. With this, they have also included the number of people among their respondents who have encountered committing violations and their peers cultivate on this.The Groupthink phenomenon which was stated a trance ago was the most unornamented situation that peer groups are commonly facing when together. Three of the symptoms sit were the thought that to each one groups actions are eternally right, that they always have undisputed choices in finale-making, and lastly, that every group does not recall the beliefs of out-groups. As an analysis of the problem stated for the thesis, the authors used two theories namely, companion fit Identity Theory and like what was mentioned a while ago, Groupthink Theory. First off, the cordial Identity Theory was developed y Henri Tajfel and John Turner in 1979. It was used to comprehend the psychological foundation of discrimination within inter-groups. The system has three elements in it which are categorization, identification, and comparison. The categorization element comes in when a soul labels his or herself and new(prenominal) members of a group. Identification, on the different hand, is when a person identifies his or herself as a part of a group which allows him or her to have a more sense of worth. Lastly, comparison is when the group members already compare their positive characteristics as a whole to the characteristics of other groups.Th e surmisal also states that groups look for confidence by positively distinguishing itself from other groups. The kind Identity Theory applies in the said thesis because, in advance genuinely studying the effects of communication of peer groups in their chances of committing school violations, the researchers first studied an individuals process of being a member of the group through the visibility of the said theory in him or her. It showed that Social Identity is what mainly occurs first because a person labels his or herself, becomes a part of the group, and then compares his or her group to others.The theory is applicable because it armed serviceed the researchers identify how the participants of their survey identify themselves as part of a peer group. Moving on with the theories used in the paper, another relevant theory is the Groupthink Theory which was stated several times a while ago. This theory was developed by Irving Janis in 1972 and was based on adult male socia l behavior in which a hypothesisthat critical thought process is used to assess the efficiency of a groups decision-makingwas developed. Groupthink is in reality a way of planning used by a group when their aim of agreement overcomes their assessment of other plans of actions.The theory also involves the groups cohesiveness wherein the groups involvement in each other affects their decisionsthe more cohesive a group, the more pressure is use on the members to preserve such cohesiveness. Such cohesiveness is visible when group members like each other, and would want to stay within the group, thus, not scatty to be left out. With too much of this said cohesiveness, there are dangers involved like not being able to exercise self-sufficing critical thinking, thus, having irrational decisions like hoices that are incomplete and involve risks. With these said, groupthink is in truth a weakening of effectiveness in thinking because it affects how the groups actually carry on different plans of actions and not just what they think is right. Groupthink Theory is relevant to the thesis of the researchers because it allows them to look at the process of decision-making by a group which is relevant in controling how communication within peer groups leads to commit school violations.The theory was used when the authors analyzed how each member of a group develops confidence and then starts to meet the terms of her whole groups actions and choices. It is also applicable when the researchers were able to identify that the theory is the most unpatterned communication pattern within peer groups of Miriam College in such a way that after going through a phase of Social Identity which was stated a while ago, peer groups then work to apply Groupthink which involves pressure within their group members to comply with the unanimous decision of the group as a whole.With having the thought that the groups decision is what is right, they then tend to become confident with their actions which are sometimes, are already the violations of school rules. Because of faulty decision-making, peer groups are lead to disobedience of school policies. These are what the researchers have found out with the use of the Groupthink Theory of Irving Janis. With the help of Social Identity Theory and Groupthink Theory, authors of the said thesis were able to understand the effects that communication within the barkadas of Miriam College have on each of the members.The theories were actually very relevant in helping them find the results for their problem and were able to give answers to the questions that they have objectives of responding to. Both were able to help the researchers because having a thesis on peer groups, the theories also being about groups helped in specify the problem stated. Reference Littlejohn, S. W. (2008). Theories of human communication 9th ed. Belmont, California Wadsworth.