Dark Tourism

1. 0 macrocosm 1. 1 Key Objectives The aim of the piece is to study shadower tourerry and discuss what argon the issues generated by the evolution of this phenomenon. 1. 2 Scope The report includes a definition of dark touristry, the history, a description of its target markets with its trade implications, the push and pull factors and the various impacts caused and the challenges faced. Lastly, conclusions will be drawn. 2. 0 primary(prenominal) Discussions 2. 1 Definition tenacious tourism is demarcated as encompassing the failure to any(prenominal) site allied with closing, disaster and tragedy for commemoration, education or entertainment (Webber, 2007). . 2 History Dark tourism is not considered a new phenomenon as it push aside be referred back to the twelfth ascorbic acid (McCormick, 2004). As far as the Dark ages, pilgrims meet started hold upling to tombs. The increase in media has allowed events to be reported and repeated. With the increased improvements i n technology, phaetons and hoi polloi back end realize an insight and be introduced to dark tourism (Stone, 2006). 2. 3 Types of Dark Tourism Dark tourism is the act of travel and scoldation to the sites, attractions and exhibitions which have real or recreated death, pitiable or disaster in general. numerous tourists have flocked to experience sites of past terror that offer grim and move tragedies. However, dark tourism has depart so broad that there atomic number 18 numerous sub-classifications to categorize it. 2. 4 Trends of Dark Tourism The main cogitate for visiting dark sites is because of the tourists use up in the elements to witness executions and learn approximately the death of famous people and others, the demise and fall of empires, torment and suffering of sites from wars or gruesome murders.Tourists overly visit the sites sometimes to feel the major power of faith, with the inspiration that they disregard get hope from these deaths (Tarlow, 2005). 2. 5 Push and back off Factors 2. 5. 1 Push Factors Some tourists prefer more daring, exciting and essay while others with self development needs may look anterior to learning about history behind the events that has happened, widening and exploring more move of the world. Curiosity and novelty has enticed some(prenominal) tourists to visit dark sites. Also, some tourists travel to these sites to commemorate their family members. . 5. 2 Pull Factors Sites with historical and grim events such(prenominal) as the United States of America where the Pearl Harbor took place have enticed many visits from the tourists. The media has played a role in promoting the sites to the public. Movies were based on sites such the Cullen house in the movie Twilight has an upsurge in tourist visitation. 2. 6 Market Segments Four tourist classifications were identified and atomic number 18 as follows the organized mass tourist, the individual mass tourist, the explorer and the drifter (Cohen, 2004).Th e generic wine and niche markets are two distinct types of tourists are who visit dark tourism sites. The niche market segments usually have a cross interest in exploring the conflict and are mostly young people who are individual travellers, part of a university group with an education interest and tourists with a need for self-development (Pearce, 2005). 2. 7 Marketing Implications Dark tourism sites merchandise managers need to understand the nature of the dark tourism product and not promote dark tourism wrongly having reflective implications for society at large (Stone, 2005).Many tourists visiting dark sites have education as their key motivator. These sites house focus on its teaching aspects such as offering and promoting additional services such as lectures, seminars, or workshops can enhance the tourists experience on site. These sites can also de-market themselves to make it unattractive to cut down on the damage caused to the site. 2. 8 Impacts of Dark Tourism 2. 8. 1 Economic Impact Tourism can help bring in revenue to improve a countrys frugal growth through employment and opportunities (Simpson, Gossling, Scott, Hall, & Gladin, 2008).With the influx of tourists coming from around the world, tourist receipts will grow and directly contributes to the economies of many destinations. 2. 8. 2 environmental Impact Environmental degradation is caused by different pollutions of air, water, noise and drink down. secure waste and litters that tourist dispose has contributed largely to the global environment problem. The atomic number 6 emissions of air crafts and carbon footprints of tourists have also increased air and land pollution (Yale, 2004). The zoning of dark tourism sites can help turn back problems of over development.However, it also means a sacrifice of an area for the immaculate site. 2. 8. 3 Socio-Cultural Impact The sustainability of tourists going to dark tourism sites have become an issue. Because commercialization erodes histor ical value, it is difficult to sustain the sites and maintain the memory from the past. Also, with tourists pitch their own culture into destinations and site, culture management becomes another impact. Tourist should have an obligation to observe codes of behavior and be aware of cultural norms in the destination they are visiting (Howie, 2003). 2. 9 ChallengesNo doubt many opportunities for the local communities will be created and this allows locals to have an improved life. Many locals can take this opportunity to show their handicrafts. However, these products will be commercialized and loses it genuineness after a period of time. Another challenge identified is that of the long damage caused by visitants. Inevitably the high number of visitors received by sites will have an impact in the long term. Therefore it is significant to impose a visitor number management to control visitor arrivals to the sites (Yale, 2004). 3. 0 ConclusionDark tourism has been defined as those vi sits to any sites associated with death, disaster and tragedy. It has been noted of the various factors why people decide to visit these particular sites. Because dark tourism is an umbrella for various kinds of tourism, there are issues involved and many ways to decrease the impacts caused. Dark tourism sites are highly susceptible to damage and the demand for dark tourism should be controlled via de-marketing tools. However, the issue of de-marketing to improve or lessen the tourists arrivals as such can still be debatable. 4. 0 References Cohen, E. (2004).Contemporary tourism Diversity and change. Boston Elsevier. Howie, F. (2003) Managing the Tourist Destination, London Continuum Lennon, J. and Foley, M. (2004) Dark Tourism, London Thomson McCormick, M. (2004) prime Zero and the phenomena of dark tourism, Available from http//www. pilotguides. com/destination_guide/north_america/new_york/ground_zero. php Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist behaviour Themes and conceptual schemes. Cle vedon take View Publications. Stone, P. R. (2005) Dark Tourism an old concept in a new world Tourism Journal of the Tourism Society, The Tourism Society, fanny IV, Issue 125, . 20 Stone, P. R. (2006) A dark tourism spectrum Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions TOURISM An Interdisciplinary International Journal, Vol 54(2) p145-160. Tarlow P E (2005) Dark Tourism the appealing dark side of tourism and more, in M Novelli (ed) Niche Tourism, Contemporary Issues Trends and Cases. Oxford Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, p47-58. Webber, S. (2007, January 1). Dark Tourism. Retrieved on January 4, 2011, from City Paper http//www. citypaper. ee/dark_tourism/ Yale, P. (2004) From Tourist Attractions to Heritage Tourism, 3rd ed. , elm tree