Intentism - The Resurrection of the Author Essay -- Literature

Since the 1920s, a certain view regarding meaning in art has dominated the Anglo-American universities and became almost dogma. This viewpoint insists that works of art should chiefly be understood by how minds receive them rather than by the psychology that created them. Such an understanding of meaning in art essentially relegates the artisan to righteous another interpreter of his or her own artwork. For this reason Roland Barthes famously proclaimed the death of the author.To summons to the artists intention was to naively refer to the unknowable and to place unnecessary limitations on the wealth of possible readings of the artwork. Intention was seen to stifle the work. Adrian Searle in the Guardian once referred to Tony Craggs sculptures by enthusing, Finally freed from the artists ideas and fantasies of intention, all the conceits that made its existence possible, including the fundamental act of making, the work floats freely, emerging from a kind of blindness (1).In cont rast, a group of artists provoke surfaced who share the belief that the author is alive and well and able to communicate their intended meaning to their intended audience with a degree of accuracy capable for them to be pioneers in society, helping to shape what will be, rather than merely documenters of society, recording what is and was. We believe that to consider the artists role as anything less(prenominal) is to effectively gag the artist, or simply drown the artists intended meaning in a cacophony of conflicting interpretations. We have cause known as Intentists and we claim that All meaning is simply the imperfect outworking of intention.What follows is a brief outline of this position and its importance.A What is intention?At the hear... ...ate drift bar Ltd), 1082) Mele, Alfred R. 1992. Springs of Action (Oxford Oxford University Press), 1413) See Sextus Empiricus story of the happy accident of the artist Apelles of Kolophon in the Preface of Livingston, Paisley. 200 5. Art and Intention (Oxford Oxford University Press), vii4) Furlon, William (editor). 1995. The Dynamics of Now, (Tate Gallery Pub Ltd) 955) Ibid6) Ibid, 1527) Iseminger, Gary (editor). 1992. Intention and definition (Temple University Press), 25-278) Ibid 259) Ibid 2610) Gadamer, Hand-Georg. 1960. Truth and Method (Tubingen), 299-30011) Livingston, Paisley. 2005. Art and Intention (Oxford Oxford University Press), 9312) Hirsch, Edward D Jr. 1967. Validity in Interpretation (New Haven Yale University Press)13) Iseminger, Gary (editor). 1992. Intention and Interpretation (Temple University Press), 26-27

Historical Methodology Essays -- Racism Literature Books Papers

Historical MethodologyThe Strange Career of Jim line-shooting, by C. forefront Woodward, traces the history of race relations in the United States from the mid and late nineteenth century through the twentieth century. In doing so Woodward brings to light meaning(a) aspects of Reconstruction that remain unknown to many today. He argues that the races were not as separate many people believe until the Jim Crow laws. To set up much(prenominal) an argument, Woodward first outlines the relationship between Southern and Northern whites, and African Americans during the nineteenth century. He then breaks down the details of the injustice brought about by the Jim Crow laws, and outlines the transformation in American society from discrimination to Civil Rights. Woodwards argument is very persuasive because he uses specific evidence to support his opinions and to relate his ideas. Considering the time period in which the book and its editions were written, it should be praised for its insight into and analysis of the most important social issue in American history.From the beginning of the book, Woodward argues that front to Jim Crow, segregation in the Southern states was not as strong as many assume. To support this claim he cites Slavery in the Cities, where author Richard C. walk provides evidence for segregation while at the like time states that, In every city in Dixieblacks and whites lived side by side, sharing the same premises if not equal facilities and living constantly in each others presence.1 In the rural areas during slavery, African Americans and whites also had a full-size amount of social interaction, because, as Woodward explains, control was best maintained by a large degree of physical contact and association.2 ... ...better in the 1950s. 22 Given the diachronic context in which the book was written, its popular reception, its persuasiveness, and the realities of the history of race relations which it exposes, the books signifi cance cannot be denied. 1 C. Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. (Oxford University Press new-made York, 1955), 14. 2 Woodward, 22.3 Woodward, 19.4 Woodward, 21. 5 Woodward, 37.6 Woodward, 53-54.7 Woodward, 54.8 Woodward, 65.9 Woodward, 69. 10 Woodward, 71.11 Woodward, 72-73.12 Woodward, 130-132.13 Woodward, 81.14 Woodward, 98.15 Woodward, 115.16 Woodward, 118.17 Woodward, 119.18 Woodward, 128.19 Woodward, 174.20 William S. McFeely, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, Afterword, 22421 McFeely, 227.22 McFeely, 224.

Inspector Goole in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley :: Papers

Inspector Goole in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley I will be answering the question What is the importance of the examiner in J. B Preisleys An Inspector Calls. I think the Inspector is the characters guilty conscience. To prove this I will go through every character and stimulation on how they react to the Inspector and I shall also comment on how the Inspector reacts to the Birlings and Gerald. Inspector Goole makes his entrance in the middle of the Birlings celebration, they are celebrating the engagement of Sheila (their daughter) to Gerald Croft parole of sir George Croft of Crofts Limited. At the time the Inspector enters Mrs. Birling and Sheila have left the room so Mr. Birling, Gerald and Eric (his son) are left in the room. Mr. Birling is in the middle of a speech to Eric and Gerald a man has to make his own way-has to hang after himself-and his family to. He is cut off when the maid Edna tells Mr. Birling that an Inspector is here to tell him this might be a secret message by J.B Priestly (the writer of the play) saying that life shouldnt be like people shouldnt just look after their family and friends they should be caring to other people and during the evening the characters learn that lesson beca procedure if they had treated Eva Smith well she wouldnt have died. The Inspector first questions Mr. Birling, a steep man who is very old fashioned. The Inspector came down on them straight away saying a young girl has just committed self-annihilation by drinking some disinfectant . Mr. Birling doesnt take him seriously telling the Inspector that it is nothing to do with him even when the Inspector tells him that Eva Smith use to work for him. Mr. Birling still doesnt feel any remorse. The Inspector shows Birling a photograph of Eva Smith and, Birling can remember her now, then Gerald and Eric carry to see the photograph of the girl but in a quiet but firm tone the Inspector replie s

Societys Restrictive Roles for Women Exposed in The Awakening Essay

In the late 1800s, as well as the early 1900s, women felt discriminated against by men and by golf-club in general. Men generally held discriminatory and stereotypical views of women. Women had no control over themselves and were perceived to be nonhing more than property to men. They were judge to live up to a perfect image that society had created, while trying to comply with their husbands desires. While many women felt dissatisfied with their lives, they would not arise out and say it. However, in 1899, Kate Chopin wrote The Awakening, which showed women that they were not alone. This novel showed the discriminatory views and treatment towards women. It also distinctly indicates the dissatisfaction that women felt in their lives. Because of the roles that society has given them, women are not able to controlk and fulfill their own psychological and sexual drives. In The Awakening, Chopin uses Edna Pontellier to show that women do not want to be restricted by the rol es that society has placed on them.Because of the time she lived in, Edna felt oppressed just because she was a woman. Being a married woman and a mother made her retrieve even more tied down. By looking at the relationship between Edna and her husband, Leonce, we see that men treated women as if they were nothing more than possessions or property. They had no respect for their wives, mothers, or even their daughters as they constantly treated them like housemaids who were there to answer to their every call. Even Ednas father thinks that his daughter is her husbands property. We see this when he says You are far too lenient, too lenient by far, Leonce. Authority, coercion are what is needed. Put your foot down good and hard the solitary(prenominal) way to manage a wife (Chopin 663). This is her own father telling her husband that he needs to be tougher on her. Chopin is clearly showing the contrariety of women here. Nowadays, you would never find a father telling his s on-in-law to be harder on his daughter. This was something that Edna would not accept. Chopin cleverly adds that it was this same treatment from her father that killed her mother. The colonel was perhaps unaware he had coerced his own wife into her grave (Chopin 663). She would, through habit, have yielded to his desire not with any sense of submission or obedience to his compelling wishes, but unthinki... ...lso, Chopin shows the rear that society can have on a woman. While some may be able to handle the pressure, others, such as Edna, cannot. This was evident by her suicide. Consequently, this ending diminishes Ednas stature and perforce reduces the significance of her rebellion (Conn 165). Although her suicide defeated the purpose of her awakening, which was to be free, Edna was still successful in showing that women do not want to be restricted by the roles that society has placed on them.BibliographyChopin, Kate. The Awakening. Literature Thinking, Reading, and Writing Critically. 2nd ed. Ed. Sylvan Barnet et al. untested York Longman, 1997. 607-699.Aull Ph.D., Felice. Kate Chopin The Awakening. Literature, Arts, and Medicine Database. 34th ed. (April 1999). Online. New York University. Internet. 10 April 1999. Available http//endeavor.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-med-db/topview.htmlBender, Brent. The Teeth of Desire The Awakening and The Descent of Man. American Literature. Sept. 1991 (459-474).Conn, Peter. The Divided Mind Ideology and Imagination in America, 1898-1917 (Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1983), pp. 165, 167.

Uniformity and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron Essay -- Harrison Berger

Uniformity and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron In this essay, I will attempt to explore what Kurt Vonnegut illustrated in his short story Harrison Bergeron--the fact that uniformity (of every kind) leads to the loss of individuality, and therefore to absolute deformity of humanness. The year was 2081, and everybody was finally equal, the story begins. They werent all equal before deity and the law. They were equal in every which way. (Vonnegut 19687) In this haunting story, Vonnegut probably wanted to warn our society of similar kind of compare, equality that can be fatal for human race. The theme of absolute equality has already appeared two years before Harrison Bergeron was published for the first time in Fantasy and Science-Fiction Magazine (1961). It was Vonneguts novel The Sirens of Titan. However, in this work the theme is only a minor feature and is not really developed (see Vonnegut 1975158). The idea probably intrigued Kurt Vonnegut and forced him to develop it into a short story. Those who are familiar with Kurt Vonneguts pen will certainly recognize some other themes of this story. For example the fear of de-humanization of human beings, being stuck in amber (Harrisons inability to overthrow the system) and so forth. In Harrison Bergeron, Kurt Vonnegut presented a scary view of a future society, where everyone was equal. Nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. (Vonnegut 19887). It was the job of the agents of the United States odds-maker General to keep it this way. Beautiful people had to wear u... ...g speciesism, we can end up like in the short story by Kilgore Trout Hail to the promontory, where a chimpanzee became the President of the United States. The chimpanzee wore a little blue blazer with brass buttons, and with the seal of the P resident of the United States sewed to the chest of drawers pocket. Everywhere he went, bands would play Hail to the Chief. The chimpanzee loved it. He would bounce up and down. (Vonnegut 199288)ReferencesSturgeon, Theodore Godbody New YorkVonnegut, Kurt Jr. Breakfast of Champions London 1992 Cox & Wyman Ltd.Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater New York 1978 Dell PublishingVonnegut, Kurt Jr.The Sirens of Titan London 1975 Coronet BooksVonnegut, Kurt Jr.Welcome to the Monkey House New York 1988 Bantam Doubleday, Dell Publishing

Rock and Roll in the Early Fifties Essay -- Music Art Musicians Rock a

Rock and Roll in the Early FiftiesHail, total throw off n roll,Deliver me from the days of old.Long live brandish n rollThe beat of the drum is loud and bold, Rock, rock, rock n roll,The timbre is there body and soul.- Chuck Berry (Hibbard and Kaleialoha, 19) An African- American euphemism for making love, rock and roll spurred from all genres of music, but mainly that of folk, country, jazz, pop and rhythm & blues (Yorke, 11). It is a type of music that cosmopolitanly involves heavy pounding of the piano, a loud drum beat, saxophone backgrounds and boisterous shouting by the singer. It was a new conflate of music emerging from 1948- 1951 as a result of a generations need to express their own identity. Originally, rock and roll was performed by erosive artists because it was a result of the incorporation of a more upbeat background to rhythm & blues. Examples of such artists would be Little Richard and Chuck Berry both were coined the fathers of rock and roll even though they started out as rhythm & blues artists (Szatmary, 16). In context of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, the characters near likely to support rock and roll are Maggie, and Maes children. This new upbeat, new- age, gibberish was a symbol of independence, escapism, and rebellion for youths of the early1950s (Brown, 4). Although its initial peak of conquest occurred in 1956, rock and roll had been developing since 1951. The introduction of the 45 rpm disc, transistor radio, and television and finally, its lively, upbeat sound all contributed to the success of rock and roll(Peterson, 102- 104). The bollix boomer generation after the Second World War, was a major influence on the success of rock and roll. Unlike their parents, this g... ... Roll. New Jersey Prentice- residence hall Inc., 1996. This book provides a very detailed outline on how and where rock and roll originated. It places much emphasis on the transition from Black to White rock artists and how soci ety reacted to this change. Szatmary also presents sufficient information on the many aspects of rock and roll, ranging from what the lyrics are about, to the beginnings of rock and roll and new age rock. - Yorke, Ritchie, Rock- The History of RocknRoll. New York Methuen/ Two Continents Publications, 1976. In Rock- The History of Rock n Roll, Yorke provides a chronological approach to rock and roll from 1877- 1974. Although it is not extremely detailed, a general overview of each years music is presented. Throughout the book, many descriptive summaries of individual artists may be found along with classic pictures.

Little Women and Treasure Island: Fatherhood Essay

When discussing receivehood in relation to both novels, we see that in both, the get under ones skin is either primarily wanting(p) or irrelevant to the plot. The ele workforcet of fatherhood comes from the characters designed to replace or substitute the absent or lost fathers. Treasure Island finds dickens looks available for Jim to work out a paternal affinity, and the lesson juxtaposition they present has as much to do with Jim growing into a moral man, as it does him choosing a path to survival. In pocket-sized Women fatherhood is represented by many different views of masculinity including Jos attempt to fill her absent fathers shoes. The differences and similarities between the two books determine what the role of the father figure was at the time of publication and whether the concept of fatherhood was relatively important to the novels in question.Alcott wrote her novel at the take of her publisher and for a particular market, this to a great extent is responsible for her interpretation of the male and female characters and the nineteenth century attitudes towards femininity and masculinity. In producing a book aimed specifically at children and more specifically girls, Alcott was under pressure to produce a familial image that would sell. In part two of Little Women any of the feministic qualities which Jo exhibited have been abandoned to adjust to popularity, she altered her values in deference to the opinions of others (Fetterley, 2009. p.30) again in keeping with the attitudes of the public Alcotts girls grew agreeable to the men around them and learned to put a man in the centre of her picture. (Fetterley, 2009. p.21) For Jo this is instead of, cosmos the man in the picture. She binds them to men who represent a father towards them both in experience and age. Each butt girl except Beth marries a man who is above her protest level of intellect and archaicer, as Fetterly puts it they moldiness marry their fathers, not their brothers o r sons.Thus Laurie gets Amy, who is a fitting child for him, and Jo gets her Papa Bhaer( Fetterley, 2009 p. 29) the term Fetterly uses to describe professor Bhaer, is in fact the role he is expected to fulfil, as each girl chooses her economise they are as such existence handed over by one father figure to another. The role of the father is closely looked at following Megs marriage to John Brooke, a struggling Meg confides in her mother that she is finding her situation difficult, she is preached to by her mother the model little woman (Fetterley, 2009 p.20) referred to as my docile daughter (Alcott, 1998 p.377) and encouraged not to forget her duty to her husband, and also to place the harder elements of motherhood into her husbands hands. Alcott conforms to the opinion that womens work is not real work (Fetterley, 2009 p.23) and therefore the children throve under the paternal rule, for accurate steadfast John brought order and esteem into babydom.(Alcott, 1998 p.383) this imp lies the role of the father is just as important as the mothers if not more so by hinting that mothers need guidance from their husbands in order to admit up their children, looking to their male wisdom as they would do their own fathers.This depiction of masculinity also helps us to understand Jos reluctance to conform to the general consensus of what a little woman should be. She sees herself as man of the family (Alcott, 1998 p.9) and adopts certain manly traits to position herself within the fatherly role during her fathers absence. Jo adopts these traits with mark to be seen as masculine hence her desire to go to war I cant get over my disappointment in not being a boy, and its worse then ever now, for Im dying to go to and fight with papa (Alcott, 1998 p.7) and to be judged an active and breadwinning individual.Jo in this way shows us the desired qualities a father should possess and by portraying her absent father in a proactive way, that he is an accurate representative o f the masculinity and moral conduct valued by society at this period. Alcotts decision to produce the sequel to Little Women greatly establishes the role fatherhood plays in her spirit level, whilst Mr March is away, Jo is fulfilling her own prophecy of being the man of the family(Alcott, 1998 p.9) and upon his return is free to live her life as a little woman, the significance of Beths death means Jos desire to be a man is also over, and she strives to imitate her departed sister by neglecting the proactive and masculine genius she assumed in order to cope with being head of a household.In contrast to Alcotts desire to be successful financially, Stevensons own efforts concerning Treasure Island were of a more innovative intent, to create a novel which not only featured a romantic flooring but served notwithstanding to entertain and inspire without an element of educating. Stevenson aspires to a more unconventional style of appealing to young boys, without moral preaching or the inclusion of religious deductive reasoning which Alcott endeavours to do with her inclusion of Bunyans Pilgrims Progress and her references to God, the most fatherly figure of all. If you learn to feel the strength and tenderness of your Heavenly Father as you do that of your earthly one. The more you love and trust Him, the nearer you will feel to Him (Alcott, 1998 p.80)The fatherly characters are produced by two authors who had interesting relationships with their own fathers and who subsequently chime in their own opinions to the role of a father figure during this period. Mr March is portrayed as being central to the families success despite him being absent for the volume of the plot, to outsiders, the five energetic women seemed to rule the house, and so they did in many things but the quiet man sitting among his books was still head of the family.(Alcott, 1998 p.229)She goes on to say of Mr March that in troublesome times the girls always turned to him, finding him, in th e truest moxie of those sacred words, husband and father. (Alcott, 1998 p.230) This lengthy eulogy Alcott lavishes upon Mr March (Alcott, 1998 p. 229-230) could be seen as a focalisation from the March daughters point of view, however it is more likely Alcotts own father is the focus here, given the books highly autobiographical status. It has also been said that by dint of and through Alcotts portrayal she manages to draw a veil over her brilliant fathers many incompetencies (Watson, 2009 p.14)Stevensons complex (Hunt, P (in) Stevenson 2011 p.xi) relationship with his own father is also brought into account. The fact there are two very different father figures presented within Treasure Island interprets the fluctuating relationship he had with his father several critics have seen Treasure Island and Jim Hawkins torturous relationship with Long John Silver as an extended mediation of this (Hunt, P (in) Stevenson 2011 p.xi) insofar Stevensons own essay My First platter, goes into detailed account of his fathers involvement in the creation of the book in Treasure Island he recognised something like to his own imagination it was his kind of picturesque and he not only heard with delight the daily chapter, but set himself acting to collaborate.(Stevenson. R.L. p.56) If the complex relationship between Stevenson and his father is present in Stevensons portrayal of Silver and Jim this shows us he regarded his father with a certain ambiguity and admiration in the same way Jim is drawn to Silver through the desire for acknowledgement and approval.Whilst throughout Little Women numerous focalisations take place, Treasure Islands narration is consummate by just two individuals. The relationship Livesy has with Jim is highlighted by his continued narration of the story when Jim is incapacitated in retrieving the Hispaniola. This not only allows us to hear the story from Livesys own focalised viewpoint, but it combines Jim and Dr Livesy as a duo. It also points to t he future relationship of the two men as we note that the narrative is written later on the event with the witness of retrospectivity (Loxley. D. p.60) hinting at a relationship continued once the adventure has ended.If Livesy is intended to represent the ideal father then Silver represents the opposite, being selfish and morally inept. Jim however, seeks the approval of Silver despite his suspicion and fear. When Silver addresses a fellow mutineer with the line youre young, you are, but youre as ingenious as paint. I see that when I set my eyes on you, and Ill talk to you like a man. (Stevenson, 2011 p. 61) A similar phrase is apply to sway Jims affections earlier in the story and Jim is quickly struck with jealousy. You may imagine how I felt when I heard this abominable old rogue addressing another in the very same words of flattery as he had used to myself. I think, if I had been able, that I would have killed him through the barrel (Stevenson, 2011 p. 62) Jims alliances are swayed and subjected to overthrows of power by the two feuding groups, he has the lure of the danger and adventure should he decide to side with Silver save the doctor is the ideal representative of moral decorum which Jim has aimed to exhibit so far. With this struggle taking place the power shifts between who has possession of the Hispaniola and who has possession of Jim. powerfulness itself is involved in a thematic of circuitry and exchange, continually passing from one group or individual to another, never resting in or reaching a central position and dramatised in the motif of the ship which acts as a symbol of this continuous process. (Loxley, 2009. p.62) He and Silver share an ability to infiltrate both sides of the arguing men and become united to an extent that their duplicitous actions set them apart from the groups.(Loxley, 2009. p. 63) In Livesy, Jim has the imperial hero who represents the ideal nineteenth century father figure, Livesy has the expertise and respectabi lity of the settle world in combination with the bravery and derring-do of the pirated.(Parkes, 2009 p.74) Yet an unknown intrigue presents itself through Silvers manipulation of Jims emotions, comments implying Jim is the picter of my own self when I was young affect Jims judgement of the pirate and an affiliation is clear. (Stevenson, 2011. p.146)Stevensons main mode of connecting with his target audience was the elision of women from the majority of the story, Jims mother signifies his slightly naive nature at the start of the novel yet her absence allows him to grow and progress towards being considered a man. In the same way Alcotts Little Women are mainly alone with their mother for the first chapters, allowing the reader an insight into the world of the girls, without an overbearing masculine character to interrupt this process. Through this exclusion of opposite sexes, both authors lay out the foundations to appeal to gender specific demographics.Treasure Island is primaril y a romance peppered with elements of realism, these aspects of realism are what keep the story engaging to young boys, only through our comparison between Jim and his father figures can we ascertain any sense of progress in Jims story. Through contrasting Jim to Silver or Livesy we find they are in place to aid and guide his transition through adolescence and this rite of passage adventure. In comparison Little Women is a novel steeped in realism and the relevance of the father figures highlights nineteenth century societys attitudes to women more so than their attitudes to men, the secret of Alcotts success is through Jos unfeminine qualities, by noticing the market of tomboyish girls striving to overcome their natural indiscipline to find a place in society and a husband without compromising their own personalities.(Watson, 2009 p.15)Alcott recognised the difficulties children faced when approaching adolescence and the reluctance to conform to a desired demeanour. Though Mr Mar ch isnt present throughout most of the novel, his presence in the girls minds is much like that of a deity, in keeping faith that they shall please their father they seek his approval by performing moral acts of kindness and behaving like little women. When they are rewarded by his return, the masculine focus of the story is shifted to the prospective husbands and their search for approval begins once more.The theme of both novels is one of growing up, without the inclusion of a father figure to guide or to go approval the element of childhood is lost along with the target audience. The depictions of fatherhood within the two novels are relevant because the novels are aimed at children. Regardless of the moral conduct or characterisation of these representations they are included to highlight a childs need for adult authoritarianism without this a child has no model for their behaviours or guardian to guide them to the next chapter of adulthood, and becoming parents themselves.Bib liographyAlcott, L.M. (1998) Little women, Oxford, Oxford Paperbacks.Fetterley, J. (2009) Little Women Alcotts Civil War Childrens Literature classic texts and coeval trends, Milton Keynes, In connection with the Open University.Hunt, P. (in) Stevenson, R.L. (2011) Introduction Treasure Island, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Loxley, D. (2009) Slaves to Adventure The Pure Story of Treasure Island Childrens Literature classic texts and contemporary trends, Milton Keynes, In association with the Open University.Parkes, C. (2009) Treasure Island and the Romance of the British Civil Service Childrens literature classic texts and contemporary trends, Milton Keynes, In association with the Open University.Stevenson, R.L. (2009) My First Book Treasure Island ChildrensLiterature classic texts and contemporary trends, Milton Keynes, In association with the Open University.Stevenson, R.L. (2011) Treasure Island, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Watson, N.J. (2009) Introduction Childrens Lite rature classic texts and contemporary trends Online, Milton Keynes, In association with the Open University

Critical Thinking and Ethics Essay

Critical thinking is reproducible decision making. Critical thinkers decisions are only based on facts and logical thinking. For a skilled critical thinker, decisions are made once the information is clear and concise, as well as being open to alternative polish off results that are also based off of facts and possible collaboration. For most, being a skilled critical thinker, is learned as we mature and are exposed to more than situations where thinking is the only way to find a conclusion.EthicsEthics are the beliefs of a society and individuals of what is right and impose on _or_ oppress. Most people use morality as a means to direct the choices they make in life as well as the way they treat others during interactions. Ethics are derived from many a(prenominal) different places, your parents and close family member in regards to how you were raised, your religious community or lack of religion and the people that you surround yourself with. Ethics can also be described as h ow you feel, when faced with a choice, this is called your moral judgment.Why we need ethical decision makingFor many people, you are non solely a critical thinker or an ethical thinker. Most people will listen to their moral judgment as well as review facts ahead coming to a conclusion. The reason this is so important for society is because not all logical conclusions are ethical. For example, it is law that you may not break into a strangers car, however if you see a baby inside on a hot day, most people would feel that it would be ethically wrong to expert walk away while said baby suffers and possible dies. This is an example of a logical decision, do not break into a car, is not incessantly an ethical decision, save a babys life.ConclusionNot all facts and reasoning can negate an ethical choice. Sometime, what is logically correct is wrong in the face of someones morality. This is whyethical decision making is important in critical thinking, because sometimes, although a ch oice may not be critically correct, the ends could save others from pain and heartache, and that is where it becomes an ethically sound choice.ReferencesManias, N & Monroe, D & Till, J.E. (2013) Ethics AppliedRuggiero, V.R. (2015). Thinking Critically about Ethical Issues. revolutionary York McGraw-Hill Education.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 22-23

CHAPTER 22Pacing the library, Katherine Solomon pulled back the sleeve of her lab coat and checked her watch. She was non a woman accustomed to waiting, but at the mo ment, she felt as if her whole sphere were on hold. She was waiting for Trishs search-spider results, she was waiting for word from her chum, and also, she was waiting for a c altogetherback from the man who was responsible for this entire distressful situation.I wish he hadnt told me, she thought. Normally, Katherine was extremely c arful intimately making new acquaintances, and although she had met this man for the first time only if this afternoon, he had earned her want in a matter of minutes. Completely.His call had come this afternoon while Katherine was at home enjoying her usual Sunday- afternoon pleasure of catching up on the weeks scientific journals.Ms. Solomon? an unusually airy voice had said. My name is Dr. Christopher Abaddon. I was hoping I might speak to you for a moment closely your blood brot her?Im sorry, who is this? she had demanded. And how did you get my undercover cell-ph whizz number?Dr. Christopher Abaddon?Katherine did non recognize the name.The man cle ard his throat, as if the situation had just become awkward. I apologize, Ms. Solomon. I was under the impression your brother had told you just more or less me. Im his doctor. Your cell number was listed as his emergency contact.Katherines attendt skipped. Emergency contact? Is something wrong?No . . . I dont cogitate so, the man said. Your brother missed an fitting this morning, and I cant reach him on each of his numbers. He never misses appointments without calling, and Im just a little worried. I hesitated to phone you, butNo, no, not at all, I appreciate the concern. Katherine was still trying to place the doctors name. I featurent spoken to my brother since yesterday morning, but he probably just forgot to turn on his cell. Katherine had tardily given him a new iPhone, and he still hadnt taken t he time to figure out how to use it.You say youre his doctor? she asked. Does beam have an unhealthiness hes keeping from me?There was a weighty pause on the line. Im terribly sorry, but Ive obviously just made a rather serious victor error by calling you. Your brother told me you were aware of his visits to me, but in a flash I see thats not the case.My brother lied to his doctor? Katherines concern was now growing steadily. Is he sick?Im sorry, Ms. Solomon, doctor-patient confidentiality precludes me from discussing your brothers condition, and Ive already said in any case much by admitting he is my patient. Im going to hang up now, but if you hear from him today, occupy ask him to call me so I know hes okay.Wait Katherine said. Please tell me whats wrong with PeterDr. Abaddon exhaled, seem displeased with his mistake. Ms. Solomon, I can hear youre upset, and I dont blame you. Im sure your brother is fine. He was in my move outice just yesterday.Yesterday? And hes schedule d again today? This sounds urgent.The man heaved a sigh. I suggest we give him a little to a dandyer extent time before weIm coming by your office right now, Katherine said, heading for the door. Where are you located?Silence.Dr. Christopher Abaddon? Katherine said. I can work out up your address myself, or you can simply give it to me. Either way, Im coming over.The doctor paused. If I meet with you, Ms. Solomon, would you please do me the courtesy of saying nothing to your brother until Ive had a chance to explain my misstep?Thats fine.Thank you. My office is in Kalorama Heights. He gave her an address.Twenty minutes later, Katherine Solomon was navigating the direful streets of Kalorama Heights. She had phoned all of her brothers numbers with no reply. She did not feel overly concerned about her brothers whereabouts, and yet, the news that he was crypticly seeing a doctor . . . was troubling.When Katherine last located the address, she stared up at the building in confusion. This is a doctors office?The opulent mansion before her had a wrought-iron security fence, electronic cameras, and lush grounds. As she slowed to double-check the address, one of the security cameras rotated toward her, and the gate swung bluff. Tentatively, Katherine drove up the driveway and parked next to a six-car garage and a stretch limo.What sorting of doctor is this guy?As she got out of her car, the front door of the mansion distributeed, and an elegant figure drifted out onto the landing. He was handsome, exceptionally tall, and younger than she had imagined. Even so, he projected the sophistication and polish of an older man. He was impeccably dressed in a dark suit and tie, and his thick blond blur was immaculately coiffed.Ms. Solomon, Im Dr. Christopher Abaddon, he said, his voice a breathy whisper. When they shook hands, his skin felt smooth and well tended.Katherine Solomon, she said, trying not to stare at his skin, which was unusually smooth and bronzed. Is he wearing makeup?Katherine felt a growing disquiet as she stepped into the homes beautifully appointed foyer. Classical music played softly in the background, and it smelled as if someone had burned incense. This is lovely, she said, although I expected more of . . . an office.Im fortunate to work out of my home. The man led her into a living room, where there was a rattle fire. Please make yourself comfortable. Im just steeping some tea. Ill bring it out, and we can talk. He strode toward the kitchen and disappeared.Katherine Solomon did not sit. Female intuition was a potent instinct that she had learned to trust, and something about this place was making her skin crawl. She saw nothing that looked anything like any doctors office she had ever seen. The walls of this antique-adorned living room were covered with classical art, primarily paintings with unsung novelical themes. She paused before a large canvas depicting the Three Graces, whose nude bodies were spectacularly render ed in vivid colors.Thats the original Michael Parkes oil. Dr. Abaddon appeared without warning beside her, holding a tray of steaming tea. I thought wed sit by the fire? He led her over to the living room and offered her a seat. Theres no reason to be nervous.Im not nervous, Katherine said entirely likewise quickly.He gave her a reassuring smile. Actually, it is my business to know when people are nervous. I beg your pardon?Im a practicing psychiatrist, Ms. Solomon. That is my profession. Ive been seeing your brother for almost a year now. Im his therapist.Katherine could only stare. My brother is in therapy?Patients often choose to keep their therapy to themselves, the man said. I made a mistake by calling you, although in my defense, your brother did mislead me.I . . . I had no idea.I apologize if I made you nervous, he said, sounding embarrassed. I noticed you studying my face when we met, and yes, I do wear makeup. He touched his own cheek, looking self- conscious. I have a de rmatologic condition, which I prefer to hide. My wife usually puts the makeup on for me, but when shes not here, I have to rely on my own heavy touch.Katherine nodded, too embarrassed to speak.And this lovely hair . . . He touched his lush blond mane. A wig. My skin condition affected my scalp follicles as well, and all my hair jumped ship. He shrugged. Im afraid(p) my one sin is vanity.Apparently mine is rudeness, Katherine said.Not at all. Dr. Abaddons smile was disarming. Shall we start over? Perhaps with some tea?They sit in front of the fire and Abaddon poured tea. Your brother got me in the habit of serving tea during our sessions. He said the Solomons are tea drinkers.Family tradition, Katherine said. Black, please.They sipped their tea and made base talk for a a few(prenominal) minutes, but Katherine was eager for information about her brother. Why was my brother coming to you? she asked. And why didnt he tell me? Admittedly, Peter had endured more than his fair share of t ragedy in his lifelosing his father at a young age, and then, within a span of five geezerhood, burying his only son and then his mother. Even so, Peter had always found a way to cope.Dr. Abaddon took a sip of tea. Your brother came to me because he trusts me. We have a adhesion beyond that of normal patient and doctor. He motioned to a framed document near the fireplace. It looked like a diploma, until Katherine spied the double-headed phoenix.Youre a Mason? The highest degree, no less.Peter and I are brothers of sorts. You must have done something important to be invited into the thirty-third degree.Not really, he said. I have family money, and I give a big money of money to Masonic charities.Katherine now realized why her brother trusted this young doctor. A Mason with family money, interested in philanthropy and ancient mythology?Dr. Abaddon had more in common with her brother than she had initially imagined.When I asked why my brother came to you, she said, I didnt mean why did he choose you. I meant, why is he seeking the services of a psychiatrist?Dr. Abaddon smiled. Yes, I know. I was trying to sidestep the question politely. Its really not something I should be discussing. He paused. Although I must say Im puzzled that your brother would keep our discussions from you, considering that they relate so directly to your research.My research? Katherine said, taken totally off guard. My brother talks about my research?Recently, your brother came to me looking for a professional opinion about the psychological impact of the breakthroughs you are making in your lab.Katherine almost choked on the tea. Really? Im . . . surprised, she managed. What is Peter intellection? He told his shrink about my work? Their security protocol involved not discussing with anyone what Katherine was working on. Moreover, the confidentiality had been her brothers idea.Certainly you are aware, Ms. Solomon, that your brother is deeply concerned about what will happen when your r esearch goes public. He sees the potential for a significant philosophical shift in the world . . . and he came here to discuss the possible ramifications . . . from a psychological perspective.I see, Katherine said, her teacup now shaking slightly.The questions we discuss are challenging ones What happens to the human condition if the great mysteries of life are finally revealed? What happens when those beliefs that we accept on faith . . . are suddenly categorically proven as fact? Or disproved as myth? One could argue that there exist certain questions that are best left unanswered.Katherine could not believe what she was hearing, and yet she kept her emotions in check. I trust you dont mind, Dr. Abaddon, but Id prefer not to discuss the details of my work. I have no immediate plans to make anything public. For the time being, my discoveries will remain safely locked in my lab.Interesting. Abaddon leaned back in his chair, lost in thought for a moment. In any event, I asked your brother to come back today because yesterday he suffered a bit of a break. When that happens, I like to have clientsBreak? Katherines heart was pounding. As in break passel? She couldnt imagine her brother breaking down over anything. Abaddon reached out kindly. Please, I can see Ive upset you. Im sorry. Considering these awkward circumstances, I can understand how you might feel entitled to answers.Whether Im entitled or not, Katherine said, my brother is all I have left of my family. Nobody knows him better than I do, so if you tell me what the hell happened, maybe I can stand by you. We all want the same thingwhats best for Peter.Dr. Abaddon fell silent for several long moments and then began slowly nodding as if Katherine might have a point. Finally, he spoke. For the record, Ms. Solomon, if I decide to share this information with you, I would do so only because I think your insights might help me assistance your brother.Of course.Abaddon leaned forward, putting his elbows on his knees. Ms. Solomon, as long as Ive been seeing your brother, Ive sensed in him a deep struggle with feelings of guilt. Ive never pressed him on it because thats not why he comes to me. And yet yesterday, for a number of reasons, I finally asked him about it. Abaddon locked look with her. Your brother opened up, rather dramatically and unexpectedly. He told me things I had not expected to hear . . . including everything that happened the night your mother died.Christmas Evealmost exactly ten years ago. She died in my arms.He told me your mother was murdered during a robbery attempt at your home? A man broke in looking for something he believed your brother was hiding?Thats correct.Abaddons eyes were appraising her. Your brother said he shot the man dead?Yes.Abaddon stroked his chin. Do you recall what the intruder was looking for when he broke into your home?Katherine had tried in unserviceable for ten years to block out the memory. Yes, his demand was very specific. Unfortuna tely, none of us knew what he was talking about. His demand never made sense to any of us.Well, it made sense to your brother. What? Katherine sat up.At least according to the story he told me yesterday, Peter knew exactly what the intruder was looking for. And yet your brother did not want to hand it over, so he pretended not to understand.Thats absurd. Peter couldnt possibly have known what the man wanted. His demands made no senseInteresting. Dr. Abaddon paused and took a few notes. As I citationed, however, Peter told me he did know. Your brother believes if he had only cooperated with the intruder, maybe your mother would be alive today. This decision is the source of all his guilt.Katherine shook her head. Thats crazy . . .Abaddon slumped, looking troubled. Ms. Solomon, this has been useful feedback. As I feared, your brother seems to have had a little break with reality. I must admit, I was afraid this might be the case. Thats why I asked him to come back today. These delusi onal episodes are not uncommon when they relate to traumatic memories.Katherine shook her head again. Peter is far from delusional, Dr. Abaddon.I would agree, except . . .Except what?Except that his recounting of the attack was just the beginning . . . a tiny fraction of the long and far-fetched tale he told me.Katherine leaned forward in her seat. What did Peter tell you?Abaddon gave a sad smile. Ms. Solomon, let me ask you this. Has your brother ever discussed with you what he believes is hidden here in Washington, D.C. . . . or the role he believes he plays in protecting a great treasure . . . of lost ancient wisdom?Katherines jaw fell open. What in the world are you talking about?Dr. Abaddon heaved a long sigh. What I am about to tell you will be a bit shocking, Katherine. He paused and locked eyes with her. But it will be immeasurably helpful if you can tell me anything you may know about it. He reached for her cup. More tea?CHAPTER 23 other stain.Langdon crouched anxiously be side Peters open palm and examined the seven tiny symbols that had been hidden beneath the lifeless clenched fingers.They appear to be numbers, Langdon said, surprised. Although I dont recognize them.The first is a Roman numeral, Anderson said.Actually, I dont think so, Langdon corrected. The Roman numeral I-I-I-X doesnt exist. It would be written V-I-I.How about the rest of it? Sato asked.Im not sure. It looks like eight-eight-five in Arabic numbers.Arabic? Anderson asked. They look like normal numbers.Our normal numbers are Arabic. Langdon had become so accustomed to clarifying this point for his students that hed actually prepared a lecture about the scientific advances made by early Middle Eastern cultures, one of them being our modern numbering system, whose advantages over Roman numerals included positional notation and the ruse of the number zero. Of course, Langdon always ended this lecture with a reminder that Arab culture had also given mankind the word al-kuhlthe favorit e beverage of Harvard freshmenknown as alcohol.Langdon scrutinized the tattoo, feeling puzzled. And Im not even sure about the eight-eight- five. The rectilinear writing looks unusual. Those may not be numbers.Then what are they? Sato asked.Im not sure. The whole tattoo looks almost . . . runic.Meaning? Sato asked.Runic alphabets are composed solely of straight lines. Their letters are called runes and were often used for carving in stone because curves were too difficult to chisel. If these are runes, Sato said, what is their meaning?Langdon shook his head. His expertise extended only to the most rudimentary runic alphabet Futharka third-century Teutonic system, and this was not Futhark. To be honest, Im not even sure these are runes. Youd need to ask a specialist. There are dozens of different forms Hlsinge, Manx, the dotted StungnarPeter Solomon is a Mason, is he not?Langdon did a double take. Yes, but what does that have to do with this? He stood up now, towering over the tiny w oman.You tell me. You just said that runic alphabets are used for stone carvings, and it is my understanding that the original Freemasons were stone craftsmen. I mention this only because when I asked my office to search for a connection between the wad of the Mysteries and Peter Solomon, their search re morose one link in particular. She paused, as if to emphasize the importance of her finding. The Masons.Langdon exhaled, fighting the impulse to tell Sato the same thing he eer told his students Google is not a synonym for research. In these days of massive, worldwide keyword searches, it seemed everything was linked to everything. The world was becoming one big entangled web of information that was acquire denser every day.Langdon maintained a patient tone. Im not surprised the Masons appeared in your staffs search. Masons are a very obvious link between Peter Solomon and any number of esoteric topics.Yes, Sato said, which is another reason I have been surprised this evening tha t you have not yet mentioned the Masons. After all, youve been talking about secret wisdom protected by an enlightened few. That sounds very Masonic, does it not?It does . . . and it also sounds very Rosicrucian, Kabbalistic, Alumbradian, and any number of other esoteric groups.But Peter Solomon is a Masona very powerful Mason, at that. It seems the Masons would come to mind if we were talking about secrets. Heaven knows the Masons love their secrets.Langdon could hear the distrust in her voice, and he wanted no part of it. If you want to know anything about the Masons, you would be far better served to ask a Mason.Actually, Sato said, Id prefer to ask someone I can trust.Langdon found the comment both ignorant and offensive. For the record, maam, the entire Masonic philosophy is built on honesty and integrity. Masons are among the most trustworthy men you could ever hope to meet. I have seen persuasive evidence to the contrary.Langdon was liking Director Sato less and less with eac h passing moment. He had spent years writing about the Masons rich tradition of metaphorical iconography and symbols, and knew that Masons had always been one of the most unfairly maligned and misunderstood organizations in the world. Regularly accused of everything from devil idolise to plotting a one- world government, the Masons also had a policy of never responding to their critics, which made them an easy target.Regardless, Sato said, her tone biting, we are again at an impasse, Mr. Langdon. It seems to me there is either something you are missing . . . or something you are not telling me. The man were dealing with said that Peter Solomon chose you specifically. She leveled a cold stare at Langdon. I think its time we move this conversation to CIA headquarters. Maybe well have more luck there.Satos threat barely registered with Langdon. She had just said something that had lodged in his mind. Peter Solomon chose you. The comment, combined with the mention of Masons, had hit La ngdon strangely. He looked down at the Masonic ring on Peters finger. The ring was one of Peters most prized possessionsa Solomon family heirloom that bore the symbol of the double- headed phoenixthe net mystical icon of Masonic wisdom. The gold glinted in the light, sparking an unexpected memory.Langdon gasped, recalling the eerie whisper of Peters captor It really hasnt dawned on you yet, has it? Why you were chosen?Now, in one terrifying moment, Langdons thoughts snapped into focus and the fog lifted.All at once, Langdons purpose here was crystal clear.Ten miles away, driving south on Suitland Parkway, Malakh heard a characteristic vibration on the seat beside him. It was Peter Solomons iPhone, which had proven a powerful tool today. The visual caller ID now displayed the image of an attractive middle-aged woman with long black hair.INCOMING CALLKATHERINE SOLOMONMalakh smiled, ignoring the call. Destiny pulls me closer.He had lured Katherine Solomon to his home this afternoon f or one reason onlyto determine if she had information that could assist him . . . possibly a family secret that might help Malakh locate what he sought. Clearly, however, Katherines brother had told her nothing of what he had been guarding all these years.Even so, Malakh had learned something else from Katherine. Something that has earned her a few extra hours of life today. Katherine had confirmed for him that all of her research was in one location, safely locked inside her lab.I must destroy it.Katherines research was poised to open a new door of understanding, and once the door was opened even a crack, others would follow. It would just be a matter of time before everything changed. I cannot let that happen. The world must stay as it is . . . adrift in ignorant darkness.The iPhone beeped, indicating Katherine had left a voice mail. Malakh retrieved it.Peter, its me again. Katherines voice sounded concerned. Where are you? Im still thinking about my conversation with Dr. Abaddon . . . and Im worried. Is everything okay? Please call me. Im at the lab.The voice mail ended.Malakh smiled. Katherine should worry less about her brother, and more about herself. He turned off Suitland Parkway onto Silver Hill Road. Less than a mile later, in the darkness, he spotted the faint outline of the SMSC nestled in the trees off the highway to his right. The entire complex was surrounded by a high razor-wire fence.A secure building? Malakh chuckled to himself. I know someone who will open the door for me.

First World War Poems Essay

In this essay I am comparing and discussing three poems from the Great War, each(prenominal) by a different author. These poems are In Memoriam by F. A. Mackintosh, Death Bed by Siegfried Sassoon and Dulce et Decorum est by Wilfred Owen.First I shall discuss In Memoriam by F. A. Mackintosh. The title starts by telling you that the memory of someone who has died is probably involved as the word memoriam is usually used in epitaphs. This can be linked to a memorial which is a monu custodyt in memoriam of a lot of people which shows that this not about one person.The first stanza starts by face So you were Davids induce,, and from this you know this is someone who is talking to the set out of someone he knew. Also the use of the word were in the old tense subject matter that David is no longer his son and, at a guess, Id say David was dead.The succeeding(prenominal) line says And he was your only son, notice the use of the past tense again in the form of the word of, as this say s that he no longer has a son. Also it says his only son, which implies a tighter stick by between the father and son than there would be in a family with deuce or sons in it and/or daughters, which means that the grief may be amplified.The next three lines sayAnd the new-cut peats are rotting,And the work is left undone,Because of an old man weeping,These lines show that the grief did affect him deeply as he is not earning a living or even keeping warm by keeping the fire going. He is to busy weeping to do anything apart from grieve. This is shown to be the fact by the next three linesJust an old man in smart,For David, his son David,That will not come again.This proves that his son David is dead and the father will never see him again. In this stanza it seems the account has al holdy been set, the relish of goal, grief and sadness are that theme.The next stanza talks about the letters that David wrote to his father and how there was never a mention of the war, just about what his father should be doing on the farm. The stanza last two lines areAnd the Boches have got his body,And I was his officer.Boche is a degrading slang word used by the British to mean Germen people during the war. This sort of thing happens whenever a society feels the need to belittle its enemies. This stanza almost says David is dead, but it in like manner tells us the person writing the poem is Davids officer. This means that the officer would feel more upset at Davids final stage than would someone who knew him as a casual friend as he is with his men twenty-four hours a day seven days a week.The next stanza saysYou were only Davids father,But I had fifty sonsWhen we went up in the eveningUnder the arch of the guns,And we came back at twilight-O God I heard them callTo me for help and pityThat I could not help at all.In this stanza the officer is comparing himself to Davids father, saying that the former was not only Davids father, but also a father to all fifty of his men.H e says how he had to go over no mans land to a lower place the arch of the guns. And on their way back he had heard their screams and although he was like a father to them all he had to turn away from their screams as he could not help them.Then for the next two stanzas he is not talking to the fathers of his dead men but to the dead men themselves in the last two stanzas.In the next stanza he starts by saying how hell never forget his men, perhaps a link to he title, which certain(p) him. He also says they wereMore my sons than you fathers,For they could only seeThe little helpless babiesAnd the young men in their prideThey could not see you dying,And fight back you while you diedIn this section he is not comparing himself the fathers of his men but that he is the father of his men. He says he is because he has seen them in their entirety, not when they were children but when they were weak and dying.The last stanza saysHappy and young and gallant,They saw their first-born go,But not the strong limbs brokenAnd the beautiful men brought low,The piteous writhing bodies,They screamed bustt leave me, sir,For they were only your fathersBut I was your officer.In this last stanza he is again referring to the fact that is mens fathers only see their sons in their prime and that he, their officer, saw them and held them in their last weak moments. He also no longer compares himself to their fathers but says For they were only you fathers, But I was you officer, thusly he implies it takes more to be their officer than to be their father.Now I shall discuss Dulce et Decorum est by Wilfred Owen. The title is the beginning of a Latin give voice which is Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori which means It is a sweet and fitting thing to die for ones country. This is sort of misleading as this gives the note, provided one knows what the complete diction is and means, of someone who thought that the war was a glorious one.This is not actually so as he turns that phrase around by saying it is a lie and saysMy friend, you would not tell with such high zestTo children ardent for some desperate glory,The old Lie Dulce et decorum estPro patria mori.The first stanza describes the soldiers actions and their condition. To do this he uses similes and metaphors. For example, Drunk with fatigue and Bent double, like beggars under sacks. The first is a metaphor and the second is a slimily. The stanza is basically a description and when the stanza is read it goes along in a slow steady calendar method so that when you read the last two lines of the stanzaDrunk with fatigue deaf even to the hootsOf gas-shells displace softly behind.you dont realize that something serious has just happened. Then the first part of the first line of the 2nd stanza goes to speech and the urgency picks up, (probably because the rhythm of the poem speeds up), and past you realize the importance of the previous two lines. He and so describes an ecstasy of fumbling as the soldier s fitted their gas helmets just in time. And then he starts the main point of the poem, the man who plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. From this point, the man who was killed by the gas attack, Owen moves to his moral of the story, the old lie, and displays his anti-war feelings to the full.Now I will move on to The Death Bed by Siegfried Sassoon.In the first stanza you see , already, the evidence of the fact that Sassoon uses metaphors and similes a lot in this poem. There are five metaphors and two similes alone in the first stanza and those are entwined as it is. This makes for interesting pictures upon the canvas that is your imagination when you read this poem. In this fist stanza you know someone is dying from the lines quiesce and safety and his mortal shoreLipped by the inward, moonless waves of death.Also you can see from these lines, the beginning of Sassoons theme of water.When the next stanza begins you get the feeling of a time lapse as someone is suddenly hol ding water to his mouth. The stanza then says he can feel his wound throbbing and then the water theme takes over,Water-calm, sliding green above the weir.Water- a sky-lit alley for his boat.and then he sleeps.In the next stanza more time has past and wrestle is in the ward, blowing at the curtain. Then he says that he can only see blots of colour in his drowning eyes.More time passes and he hears precipitate and music. The last line of this says Gently and slowly washing life away which can be linked with the last line of the 1st stanza.Then it says that his pain leapt like a beast and when he woke he shuddered because the evil thing had passed. In the penultimate stanza it suddenly changes to speech and the person speaking tells everyone to light many another(prenominal) candles and you may save him yet. In the last line of this stanza his anti war feeling are shown quite plainly how should he die when unrelenting old campaigners win safe through.In the last stanza the embodi ment of death in the form of a direct sentence that you could not grapple with is shown. But Death replied I choose him. So he wentOn the last line Sassoon reminds us the war was still going on by saying Then, far away, the thudding of the guns.Now I come to the comparison of the three poems. One of the most obvious comparisons is the fact that in both F. A. mack and Owens poems they both use realistic views whereas Sassoon uses more abstract thoughts and he also uses far far more metaphors in his, and he even uses the personification of death. Even though both Owen and F. A. Mackintosh use realistic style Owen uses more graphic details whereas F. A. Mackintosh uses the thoughts of a man for his soldiers. One unlikeness between all the three poems is the prominent emotion in each. Owens is full of hate for the war, F. A. Mackintoshs is full of grief for the loss of his men and in Sassoons there is no way I can really pin a main feeling on it except the feeling of waste that the w ar produced which is apparent in each.Although I say this about Sassoons poem the feeling of hate is made available for seeing in the lines Hes young he hated War how should he die when cruel old campaigners win safe through? , and in this you also see the grief and loss for this man as he was young. They also all have main themes. In Owens there is the theme of death and pain as there is in Sassoons although both are different in that Owens is more graphic in this respect. As for F. A. Mackintosh the theme is one of comparison between the officer and the fathers of his men, so much so in fact that the poem is almost a simile in itself.In conclusion I would say that each of the poems contains the feeling of terrible loss of life in the war and that fundamental feeling links all of the three poems. This means that for all the differences in style all the writers are trying to get the same message across. All three poets I would say were anti-war, although in F. A. Mackintoshs poem he does not directly show as the other two authors do.

How to Become a Professional Nurse Essay

Becoming a professional guard, a nurse must(prenominal) self-regulation with knowledge to practice standards and inscribe of ethics. One of the first stepping stone is reflecting in journal of experiential learning. Knowledge of yourself is gained from reflecting on your experience (Cooper, 2001, p. 22). In the course information of self as nurse I have learned how to be a professional nurse practicing the standards and economy of ethics in a working environment.Also how the tools of communication is emotive towards patients. When walking into a patients room for the first time, a Nurse is expected to examine the patients view and to provide the best quality of c be. personalisedly I found the lesson Way of Knowing most engaging to learn because it teaches a nurse student how to approach the patient and communicate with them. There are many different types of ways of knowing which are empirical, ethical, aesthetical, personal and emancipatory.I found this topic most interestin g because each one creates the principle and origination of patient care. During one of the group activities we read a case study of a patients chart and discussed her condition and how we would approach and make a connection to her. This made me feel engaged to the subject as if I was standing next to the patients bed. Professionalism is one of many characteristic of be a nurse, with a responsibility of their actions, attitude and display the code of conduct to provide the best practice.How the media views affect nurses image has a negative impact on the professionalism aspect of nursing. In this use we pulled pictures off of the internet of nurses and most were Halloween costumes or cartoons and we discussed how this affects the perspective of professional nurse. I found this most engaging because all the images of nurses on the internet are not what nurses thrive for in a professional view. A professional nurse is responsible for self regulation and to follow the code of ethic s, this topic I was least engaged.Reading history of nursing creates an understanding of the past to enhance the present and is the foundation of structure with economics, consumer demand, family structure, science and technology, demography and the women movement. Without an activity and just reading about history of nursing I was least engaged with this topic. The most meaning(a) lesson I have learned in Development of Self as Nurse is human relationships regarding the tools of communication and ethic, values regarding beliefs, attitude and spirit. Verbal, nonverbal, electronical, interpersonal, and therapeutic are tools of communication.I believe these two concepts are important to my personal development as a professional nurse by understanding the principle of providing proper socialisation processes which starts by approaching, communicating and connecting to a patient creating a positive patient-centered environment. Sometimes a patient will tell us something over a cup of t ea that may seem trivial, but that we canister use to help make their stay more comfortable. says Julie Thompson, Head Nurse of Burton Hospital. Relative feedback that suggested nurses over look the little things that can make a bulky difference.The Initiatives are small, but they are having a big impact. Finding time to sit down with a patient and talk breaks down the barrier amongst the professional and patient enables real dialogue to take place (Friend, B. , 2013). In order to understand others beliefs, morals and values a professional nursing must have knowledge of one self. Therefore, understanding oneself results in ethical practice. Applying this practice when a patient is uncertain about their values by helping them crystallize their values by listing alternative, examine possible consequences of choice, choose freely and feels good about the choice.Kozier et al (2010), p. 75 Various forms of communication are honest by having knowledge of interpersonal skills and pr ofessional communication. Using the tools of communication influences effective communication skills, a professional attitude, respect and dignity. Expectations and issues can become present when communicating with patients or other health care professionals. I am wondering how to overcome situations where an issue has occurred during communication with a patient and how to practice standard procedures to act the issues, different influences including gender, culture, and illness.Nonverbal communication can be expressed such as a gesture or equalize and is crucial to nurse-patient relationship. This often shows how a person is feeling then what is actually said. Research shows that touch is the best way to comfort, generally from the shoulder down to the hand is the only acceptable areas for touch professionally. Chillot, R. (2013). Many facts influence effective communication and I question how to control and gain effective interpersonal skills? Having knowledge of critical thi nking is very important in the role of nursing which identifies awareness of personal thinking skills and styles.Always asking yourself in any situation or scenario why? What else? And what if? This leads me to question how to apply critical thinking from the classroom to practice. Turning errors into learning opportunities is the key to skill development in critical thinking. Throughout the course Development of self as nurse I believe it has taught me how to figure out my own morals, values and beliefs and to successes in helping others to find theirs. Tools of communication open up a commence of affective nurse-patient relationship and professional environment.

Crime and Order Maintenance in Celtic and Roman Britain

Cells were stripped of Civil rights, practicing a profession unable to leave ribald soil loss of status within the community. Today we permit electronic tagging to keep a person within a con ticketd space, sometime battalion ar given community sentence which helps redeem themselves 2. * People in Roman Times were tried before a Governor for crimes as the same as a judge in modern day * They were given prison house sentences to deter them for refunding by instilling fear in them, this happens today with both book and Jail sentences. * People were condemned to the mines to work.Again in modern day times this could be seen as a harsher community service. Marc McFadden HU0022914 Diploma in Criminal Psychology The penalisation of present day offenders has elements of the Celtic and Roman approaches. When we look at how law and penalty is upheld today in Britain we can go back thousands of years into our narrative to see some similarities in Celtic and Roman times. There society. There were different levels of kinship within the community, the lowest being a person who had infringed on the law. Infractions would result in fines.As there were no prisons or police force during this time, the responsibility to punish an offender was stowed upon the Kin and extended family. If they were of modest status, a guarantor would be set in place to ensure the fine was paid. This relates in todays punishment system as a bail. If the offender was unable to pay the fine then the guarantor was eligible to seize property from the offender. If someone were of lower class, unable to obtain a guarantor or pay the fine they would give birth a loss of civil rights, the right to practice a profession or possibly be excluded from religious rites.In modern society a prison sentence removes these same rites. The threat of isolation and loss of status was an important tool in keeping people within the law. Britain was invaded by Rome in DAD and on gaining control and power it was in iti solelyy content to utilize the Cells peacekeeping arrangements. Surrounding free states and British countryside kept their own laws albeit they didnt conflict with the laws of Rome. Julius gorilla became Governor in DAD chief Justice for both civil and criminal matters.He would gain advantage over Britons by using terror in order to stop crime. He would travel the province holding session courts as well as in the capital. Listening to both citizens and Roman citizens should they lack to be tried in Rome This is similar with the likes of our Court system today. The Biggest change in comparison to The Cells way of punishment is that Roman Britain had Capital punishment where only the Governor could give such a sentence as well as the condemnation to the mines.By now there were men in the play of police, Jailers and executioners. There methods were viewed as brutal ranging from flogging, imprisonment, slavery in the mines and even death by crucifixion, however they were there for the one reason to instill fear that people would not offend and if they did the repercussions would deter them against it a second time. Julius successfully maintained order for the 7 years he held the post. Up until the 3rd century Britain had 2 different law codes, native and Roman.However by DADA with an invasion to Gaul by the Germans forced General Constantine Ill out of power and the expulsion of all reaming Roman administrators in Britain. Britons had seized power of the province and wrote to the Emperor Honoring asking for legal authority for their actions and sought independence from the Emperor. In conclusion although there have been many changes to our Justice system throughout time, many of the key elements remain from both Celtic and Roman Britain.

Titration of Calcium HydroxideG

We did this by titrating Hydrochloric Acid into 10 com of calcium hydrated oxide. As we titrated HCI into the calcium Hydroxide solution, the phenolphthaleins pink shade given to the atomic number 20 Hydroxide soft became clearer until the complete lack of pink color in the solution of base and acid. My value of 1. 58 g/mol was close to the accepted value of . 59 g/mol with only a 0. 6 + 0. 007% shift, which is almost identical to the theoretical value. Because of such a small percentage error, one can associate the error to random error, and not systematic because of its small value.Limitation/weakness How much did it affect my result gentleman error exists correct push throughside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide. Because of the fact that this is a titration experiment, the stirring and conglomeration of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide needed to be eonian in order for the reaction and correct mo unt of hydrochloric acid was used to neutralize the basic diorama of calcium hydroxide. Because of the inconsistent stirring, there must have been a small amount of error attributed to this limit point, though it may not look as much.Possibility The Calcium Hydroxide solid that did not dissolve into the piddle may have passed the filter into the actual solution used, make discrepancies in the data. A second limitation/weakness that may have caused our error is because of the fact that we may not have been careful ample with the filtration of the saturated Calcium Hydroxide. Because the filters themselves may not have been perfect experiment might have taken a wrong turn with solid Calcium Hydroxide within the solution as well, needing a smidgen much Hydrochloric Acid to neutralize it.Evaluation of quality of the result Although there is limitations to our measuring, since we were only able to pulsation to 2 decimals as a volume, this experiment is still a valid way to figure out the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide with Just the amount and concentration of Hydrochloric Acid, and can be used by other scientists who would theoretically have no idea about how to go about the method of find out the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide. Limitation or weakness Improvement 1 . Human error exists even outside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide.To lower this error and improve this limitation, we could have the same person stir the solution/titration constantly, with more precision and concentration over this mixture, as to get the correct amount of HCI needed to neutralize the solution without any disagreements over what change means or not. With two people concentrated over specific tasks, the uncertainty would also plow much smaller as well due to less error attributed to our mistakes. 2. Possibility The Calcium Hydroxide old that did not dissolve into the water may have passed the filte r into the actual solution used, causing discrepancies in the data.One of the biggest improvements we could make is that we could, this time around, not add such a large amount of Calcium Hydroxide powder into water blindly, as had been done before, so that we would be able to have more saturated water to work with, as opposed to what we had to work with at that moment when the experiment was done. By doing that, we would be able to reduce uncertainty that may have come along with the solid Calcium Hydroxide mixed in with the saturated solution.

Development of Social Emotional Identity and Personality

The essay sh each(prenominal) examine lifespan development issues with regard to an call into question consulted at a local neighborhood. The teddy study touch on analysis of the emotional, moral and personality developmental issues that arise in instances when wholeness has to cope or live with a shout family.Synopsis of interviewThe interview involved a se liberati nonpareilen year old female student who lived with a stepm otherwise and her biological father. It involved an sound judgement of the effects that a step family has had on her life. Some relational issues that were revealed in the interview include the both families could not get along, the responder felt that her aim had been robbed off her rightful place, the respondent felt turn up of place as she was the only person from her mothers side who lived with her dad, she tack together it difficult to revolve around on her academics especially because she confronted her step siblings frequently. Furthermore, it was found that she had not sought any help from teachers or other professionals.Major concepts, features and developmental changes associated with ethnic, gender identification, cultural and sexual differences with respect to the specific caseWith regard to gender identification, there were whatever issues that were unique to the case study. investigate has shown that real developmental features are largely common among certain sexes tour being hidden in others. In a research conducted by Hicks, J. et al (2007) in their clause Gender differences and developmental change in externalizing disorders from adolescence to adulthood, Vol, 116, no, 3, pp 433-447, it was found that there certain externalizing disorders were synonymous with certain genders.The authors studied the following symptoms alcoholism, nicotine dependence, drug dependence and anti-social behavior. The study involved persons at the age of seventeen and study them all the way into their adulthood at the age of tw enty four. It was found that as the respondents grew older, they developed a higher tendency towards these externalizing disorders. However, male candidates had a higher prevalence rate than their female counterparts. It was found that the last mentioned were influenced by their environment in avoiding antisocial behavior more then genetics.However, among males, genetic variations played a larger role in excuseing their behavior through these developmental changes. In the case study, the respondent was female. Consequently, it was plausibly that the respondent had to look for other methods of expressing her anger rather than through the use antisocial behavior, alcohol or drugs. This was probably the reason why this respondent did not depict the latter symptoms. While quarrelling with siblings may be a negative occurrence, one can hardly classify it as anti-social behavior. This goes to show that across ones lifespan, certain changes such as introduction of step families bring ou t different aspects depending on ones gender.With regard to cultural differences, there were some major developmental issues that were unique to this individual. Research conducted by Gartstein, M. et al (2006) on cross cultural differences in development of children, it was found that substantial differences constitute between children growing up in certain cultures. The research entailed an analysis of children from the Chinese Republic, Spain and The United States. The authors found that children within the United States had higher degrees of temperament even at an early stage. This continued to be the case as they grew older.Conversely, children from China had relatively lower temperament. The case under consideration was a teenager who had been innate(p) and raised in the US. Her developmental changes were therefore synonymous to a large section of the population which tends to vent out their frustrations on their environment. This may involve either inanimate objects or their fellow counterparts. Another developmental change that could involve been related to the case studys situation was the place of a mother within a family. In the US and in many other western states, nuclear families are generally accepted as the norm.The issue of a step family is not as welcome as it is in other parts of the world such as in certain parts of Africa where numerous families can interact and live together. Having to tackle separate families was difficult since the respondents mother lived elsewhere. This meant that the respondent had to move between these two homes from time to time this could have caused her to appear different from her peers since this is the cultural norm. It could have propagated her anger.Major concepts, features and developmental changes of emotional, moral and personality development and how these relate to individuals within the specific caseEmotional development is crucial to all individuals because before piece beings can reason, they first develop emotions. In this case, the respondent came from a blended family. there are certain emotional issues that were not addressed as she grew up because every experience one goes through is a contributor to what one can become in the future. The respondent reported a lot of mood swings and there are chances that as she gets older, she may develop mood disorders and eventually depressive disorders.Developmental experts put forward that different individuals respond to circumstances in a different way. Consequently, the latter assertion may not be an ultimate result in the future. The respondent also claimed that she has trouble concentrating in class and that she always had a feeling of restlessness. Sociologists assert that anxiety disorders can crop up when a child has big(a) up in a tense environment. Such negative influences condition the child to feel as though they are living in an emergency and this severely impeded normal emotional development. (Pryor, 2006)A humans moral principles are inculcated right from their earlier years all the way into their adulthood. These principles are ordinarily derived from their respective parents. However, when one of the parents is not around and someone else takes her place, then that stepparent may not feel oblige to teach their step child moral discipline. Additionally, a child will also feel that their step parent has no right to teach them moral issues anyway. The overall result of this is that a child may grow up not being morally bound and they may depict this though anti-social behavior.ConclusionDevelopmental experts explain that human beings are summation of their life experiences. This case study involved the study of a respondent who lived in a step family. Some of the developmental issues arising in this case were linked to the respondents culture, gender and features of moral development.ReferencesGarstein, M. et al (2006) Studying cross cultural development of temperament, Journal of Child ps ychopathology and human development, 37, 2, 145-161Pryor, J. (2006) Children and their changing families, Polity Press, p 35-46Hicks, J. et al (2007) Gender differences and developmental change in externalizing disorders from adolescence to adulthood Vol, 116, no, 3, pp 433-447

Elephant Man †Otherness Essay Essay

In Victorian London, Dr. Frederick Treves with the London Hospital comes across a circus sideshow attractive feature run by a man named Bytes called The Elephant Man. In actuality, the creature on display is indeed a man, twenty-one class old John Merrick who has several physical deformities, including an oversized and disfigured skull, and oversized and disfigured right shoulder. stupid Bytes, his owner, only wants whatever he can get economically by presenting Merrick as a freak.Treves manages to bring Merrick under his care at the hospital not without several of its own obstacles, including being movemented by those in authority since Merrick cannot be cured. Treves initially remembers Bytes assertion that mute Merrick is an imbecile, but ultimately learns that Merrick can tell and is a considerably- study and articulate man. As news of Merrick hits the London newspapers, he becomes a celebrated curiosity amongst Londons upper class, including with Mrs. Kendal, a famed act ress. Despite treated much more mercifulely, the question becomes whether Treves actions are a further exploitation of Merrick.And as Merrick becomes more famous, differents enterprise to get their two-cents worth from who remedy remains a curiosity and a freak to most, including to Bytes, who has since lost his meal ticket. The movie is loosely ground on the real story of Joseph Merrick, known as The Elephant Man, who was thought to have suffered from elephantiasis and was perceived as being ab customary and different because of it. As portrayed in the movie, The Elephant Man was not classifyed as human but inhuman a stranger to most. But who establishes what abnormal is? Do humans actually believe they have that power? The Elephant Man is just another example of someone different. To me he isnt a monster, just misunderstood, and to label him care that suggest that on that commits something within him that makes him less human that the pillow of us. What I found hard to grasp was trying to understaning what lies in the concept of being abnormal in order to have an idea of what being normal means. I mean the notion of us suggests that there must be a majority to differ from a range of normality that constitutes the abnormal. But who decides whos normal and whos not? What is normal anyways?I mean all it does is overrule, distort, and oppress everything that cannot meet its certain demands and qualifications. I rather be anything BUT normal. The main reason The Elephan Man was shund out of parliamentary law was because of his physical features and deformities. But why should a physical difference come to mark a psychological one? In the movie the audience/spectators come to represent normality or the unit of us, standing in opposition to John Merrick. Because of his difference they see fit to classify themselves as normal and different from him. And in a way they are.You see, unlike them, Merrick was highly capable of civilized behaviour. The charact eristics of his physical mien are not regarded as simple features but as deformities, as abnormal, even monstrous. why do the spectators react so strongly towards something they sense not to resemble themselves? Why do they, the unit of normality, take in to point out that he is being different while they get to be normal? Why does the representation of normality feel an urge to define itself through what it is not? I believe that the action of othering in the movie could be explained by the simple idea that we dont know what we are.I mean it seems that there is an infinity of things we could be as human beings, so why does society try and control something it has no power over? Is it affraid of what we can obtain, or does it not want us to achieve in the first place? I mean in Merricks case he wasnt really classified as either one thing or the other. Just abnormal. In our world those we find not to fit into our group are left as objects of either exclusion, repulsion, repressi on, oppression or of a kind of fetishism which nonetheless seems to limit the object of obsession. In The Elephant Mans case he was neither desier nor wanted but feard.No one wanted to be-firend him, love him, see what he was like or even just say the odd hello. He was a freak, a caged spectical for people to point and laugh at. Treves, a furbish up at London Hospital, stumbles upon and discovers The Elephant Man at a circus sideshow attraction run by the cruel and repulise Bytes and appoints himself the his owner so that he could present him to the members of his medical society. Hes given many detailed, scientific examination before being returned to his owner, but, being subject to his frequent beatings, he falls ill and is hospitalized in secret where Treves works.Treves discovers that The Elephant Man can talk and begins to referred to him as John Merrick. When the theatre director of the hospital warns to have Merrick removed, Treves helps him and he is given permission to s tay. Merricks stay in the hospital is mentioned in the papers, and soon curiosity leads a famous actress to visit him. The London nobility follows and Queen Victoria herself takes an delight in Merrick and starts protecting him. However, Merrick is not safe his former owner forces Merrick back on the road with him and brings him to France.The dwarves and other freaks of this show free Merrick from his abusive owner. After being freed Merrick finds his way back to England and collapses in a find out station, chased by a mob attracted by his deformity. Treves brings Merrick back to the hospital, which is now his home, and an actress who earlier showed her interest in him arranges the most beautiful night of his life an attendance to the theatre where she works. After this experience, Merrick deliberatedly goes to sleep while lying down, though he knows this will suffocate him because of his condition.He dies in his sleep. From being The Elephant Man hes turned into John Merrick, bot h characters who held the ability to frighten and horrify people by his mere look. In his appearance people recognize their own humanness, but apparently a distorted humanity. As the movie goes along, John Merrick is quietly humanized. He was dressed up, called upon by name (not nickname) and given conditions allowing him to show creativity. He read poetry, went to theatres, and drank tea like a true Englishman, you might say. Indeed, the monster more and more resembles a well taught pet.The recognition of Merrick as a human being, the terrible necessity to identify with this deformed edition of a human, makes us turn him into a monster something we do to make the identification less obvious. It leads us to quit that he is not human. He cannot be human, and if he is human, than he must be dumb, as the sterilize assures his colleague. The doctor in this way removes Merrick from the field of humanity all over again. The doctor bases his notion of humanity on the presence of intelle ct, while according to the public it has to do with physical features.By saying this, the doctor distances Merrick from him just as the public does there is only a small difference of procedure. But when Merrick starts talk of the town and reciting the Bible he suddenly he belongs to our race again? How that makes sense, ill never know. Maybe, locked up lowlife the face of a monster, rests a human being. Reading Merriam-Webster dictionary defination of normal its interesting to agate line how normality is also given a physical and mental connotation. And because of that we can therefore see how discernible factors that differentiate an individual make him or her a possible target of othering.

Synopsis of “The Corporation”

Sypnosis Sypnosis of The confederation The documentary, The Corporation was written by Joel Bakan, Mark Achbar, and Jennifer Abbott. It pay backs off by describing spates as jig saw puzzles, saying that if integrity piece of it is removed or lost, it will not function properly. The documentary describes that eachthing in a corporation has a place and a common purpose. It states that everything and every whiz works together for a common end. Corporations are wherefore compared to monsters trying to obtain as much profit as possible.In the film, corporations are defined as one form of business ownership and as a group of individuals working together to serve a variety of objectives. A corporations most important objective is profit and it will not let anything stand in its way of getting it. The documentary explains how the Civil War and the Industrial rotary motion created enormous growth in corporations. Corporate lawyers started to realize they wanted more power. The 14th a mendment was passed to harbor every person equal rights.This amendment was meant to free slaves, but corporations manipulated it in a way to apply to capital and property. Corporations were granted rights as special persons that were designed to be concerned only for their stockholders. All they want is to make as much funds as possible at any given time. To corporations, there is no such(prenominal) thing as enough profit. All of them are designed to complete certain characteristic to verbalize results as soon as possible.The characteristics of corporations are callous concern for the feelings of others, incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, bold disregard for the safety of others, deceitfulness repeated lying and conning others for profit, incapacity to experience guilt, and failure to conform to societal norms with respect to lawful behaviors. These faults of corporations have put life of all species in a constant decline. near CEOs of corporations do not realize the bad that their companies are doing to the world. Many have not dismantle been to the sites of their main actories to have the opportunity to see the horrible conditions of workers. Corporations manipulate our minds through media to buy their products first at a young age. It is a terrible thing for them to do, but unfortunately it works. Most children start begging their parents for toys they see on television at a very young age. Parents seem to give in as their children explain that they just have got to have the new toy. Towards the end of the documentary, it starts to reveal or so real life situations where corporations have tried to break the law.It shows when the RGBH hormone was being put into milk without consumers erudite the true health issues it could ca function. Another corporation was trying to charge citizens in Bolivia a fourth of their income for water, even though they only made two dollars a day. In order for Coca-Cola to continue making money during Hitle rs dictation, they came out with a new drink called Fanta Orange. They continued to make millions of dollars even while millions of citizenry were being killed. During the same time, IBM, along with other United States corporations were trading with Germany to make profits during the Holocaust.Many corporations have openhanded global and the government has lost total control over them. Capitalism has become the new high-priest of all systems. In order to have more power, industries and the government work together. As everyday people we do not realize how the things we do can harm our environment. Even just doing our jobs can be infliction the people around us, depending on the companies we work for. The best thing to do is if you do not view as with the actions of a corporation, then stand up to them or do not buy or use their products.

Business National Btec Unit 13 Essay

To achieve a pass lay out To achieve a pass grade the state mustiness show that the pupilTo achieve a merit grade the evidence must To achieve a distinction grade the evidence is able to show that, in supplement to the pass criteria, must show that, in addition to the pass and evidence must show that the the learner is able to merit criteria, the learner is able to learner is able to P1 identify how two transcriptions stick out bring upment using internal and external sources P2 explain the rival of the legal and regulatory framework on recruitment and plectrum activities P3 prepare the documents delectation in selection M1 compare the economic consumptions D1 evaluate the usefulness and recruitment activities of the different documents of the documents in the employ in the selection and discourse pack for a disposed(p) recruitment process of a given organisation organisation, in facilitating the converse process P4 c ourse of studyto take part in a selection discourseM2 analyse your function D2 evaluate your experience to the selection process of planning and participating in a given situation. in the recruitment and selection process. P5 take part in a selection hearing Unit 13 Investigating Recruitment andSelectionT affect 1 How organisations plan recruitment (towards P1).P1 Identify how two organisations plan recruitment using internal and external sources.You rent to understand that there are a derive of reasons why vacancies occur and that the decision to recruit depart be the result of an analysis by the organisation of its requirements. The vacancy may be filled internally or externally. External sources may be used but they may guide time and cost implications.You need to include the following pointsUnderstand the processes tangled in recruitment planningRecruitment planning reason for vacancy, eg employee leaving, increased volume of business, different work, maternity cover, sickness decision to recruit internal recruitment external sources of recruitment (use of job centres, consultants,recruitment agencies) cost and time considerations of external sourcing depute 2 How organisations advertise vacancies (towards P1).The vacancy may be advertised internally and externally. If advertised externally, the choice of media leave be consequential in order to reach the targeted market. External publicizing is more costly and there are legal considerations to be aware of on all recruitment advertising.You need to cover the following pointsRecruitment advertising internal advertising external advertising (choice of media, use of external agencies, format and type of advertisement, cost implications, legal considerations of recruitment advertising) methods of application program, eg letter, online, telephone.P2 Design a concise apprize sheet for a selection venire to guide them on the regulatory requirements of recruitment and selection practice.This requires an overview of the make legal and ethical requirements of selection consultations. It should be a concise guide that interviewers can easily understand.You need to include the following pointsCurrent UK and EU legislation Sex Discrimination Act 1995/97 take to the woods Relations Act 1992 Equal Pay Act 1970 Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005 European Working clip Directive Employment Act 2002 national minimum wage Data Protection Act 1998 (together with whatever future amendments)Ethical issues asking candi find outs the same questions interviewers not related to candidates gender and ethnic balance on panelsTask 3 Preparing a job rendering and soulfulness specification (towards P3).P3 Prepare the advertising, job description and person specification required to recruit an employee for a specific map in a selected organisation.You allow prepare the credential for an identified vacancy. This pass on encompass a job description and person s pecification. The result of these two documents to an appropriate standard allow for provide the evidence for this criterion.Prepare the job description and person specification.You need to include the following pointsJob description purpose and standard formats title of job segment and location of post broad terms of job responsible to whom responsibilities scope of post education and qualifications pay heed of compiler and approver date of issuePerson specification purpose and standard formats, eg job title and author number location in management line essential and desirable attributes physical characteristics required attainments and qualifications preceding(prenominal) experience general intelligence special aptitudes temperament and personality hobbies and interests personal circumstancesTask 4 Job ApplicationsP3 Apply for a job by completing the application documentation.You should use the Morrisons website to find the application documents. You should complete the pr ocess as if you were applying for the post. You should complete the application form and include any other documentation requested, which should include your curriculum vitae and a covering letter. The completion of the required documentation to an appropriate standard will provide the evidence for this criterion.Know the documentation involved in the recruitment processApplication documentation letter application form curriculum vitaeTask 5 Briefing the selection panel on regulatory requirements. (P4)You need to include the followingPre-interview selection criteria for short- itemisationing application packs and information for candidates references types of interviews (group, individual, team, panel, telephone,multi-stage) tasks and tests used to complement the interview process, eg occupational preference tests, attainment tests, aptitude tests, psychometric tests use of specialists in the interview a list of interview questions procedure for informing candidates on interview d ecisionsTask 6 Taking part in a selection interview (towards P5).P4 Participate in a selection interview.You should adopt the role of every an interviewee or an interviewer in your pairs for a mock selection interview. You should demonstrate through role play that you consent prepared for the interview. Roles can then be reversed to give everyone in the class opportunity to chance the recruitment process from the perspectives of both the applicant and the interviewer. If you are not participating in an interview you will be observing and taking notes. Evidence is likely to come from a copy of the documentation used by each participant and a witness statement from the judgeor.In your planning you should show evidence that you contract considered each of the following points Interview interview protocol confidentiality fairness interview environment agree questions checking of personal information interview checklist control of interview decision criteria and documentation communi cating the decision to candidates talk and listening skills body language questioning techniques barriers to communication analysing and summarisingTask 7 Following up the interview (towards P5).You should prepare the necessary documentation to fill the vacancy and complete the interview process.You should include the following endure interview informing candidates making a job offer verbal/non-verbal offers contents of job offer, eg croak date, wage or salary rate, hours of work, holiday entitlements other conditions, eg references, medical test, passing specific qualifications expenses claims candidates feedback taking up and checking references police and/or medical checks including a CRB check rejection of unsuccessful candidatesTask 8 Comparing selection documents.M1 Compare the purposes of the different documents used in the selection process of a given organisation.You must be able to identify the documents used in the three stages of the selection process. You should kno w the purpose of the key documents. You should be able to explain the purpose of the information that the completed documents will provide for the interviewers. You should be able to draw comparisons between the purposes of appropriate documents.Task 9 Evaluation of the usefulness of interview documents.D1 survey the usefulness of the documents in the interview pack of a given organisation in facilitating the interview process.You must make judgements on the usefulness of documents that you have collated in the interview pack. This will be informed by a mix of theory and practice. You must be able to demonstrate that you are able to assess the usefulness of documents that belong to a real organisation or that you have used in the role play exercise. In what ways did the documentation contribute to the organisation, management and conduct of the interview and the process of making a selection decision?Task 10 Analysing your part to task 5 (see P4).M2 Analyse your contribution to th e selection process in a given situation.You must show that you can prepare for and set in a role-play situation. You should ensure that an application pack is prepared and that all the necessary documentation is provided for the interviewee and the interviewers. The interview should be organised and conducted in a professional manner. Observers will be looking for evidence that the participants have prepared for the interview.This can be judged by observing how the learners organise and manage the sequence of the interview, the ability of the participants to ask appropriate questions, the quality of their participation and whether they have used communications and listening skills to good effect. Evidence will come from supporting documentation such as interview questions that interviewers and interviewees have prepared. The evidence will be supported by a witness statement on the role play of each Participant.Task 11 Evaluation.D2 Evaluate your experience of planning and particip ating in the recruitment and selection process.You must be able to demonstrate that you can critically reflect on yourexperience and draw lessons from it. Evidence will require an evaluation of the role play and this should be linked to the feedback on the witness statement. You must to a fault be able to critically evaluate your experiences of the planning stages of the interview.Websiteswww.bbc.co.uk/learning/subjects/business_studies.shtmlA changing bank of learning resources and up to date case studies. This site also has links to other useful siteswww.bized.ac.uk Includes a number of clever case studies from thetimes100 including McDonalds and Cumminswww.cipd.co.uk Chartered Institute of Personnel and Developmentwww.thetimes100.co.uk Includes a number of pertinent case studies including McDonalds and Cummins, British Gas and TescoScenario You work in the HR department at Morrisons where vacancy rates have been steep over the past year. Your manager is concerned about this and has asked you to do a presentation to identify why vacancies occur and to compare with a competitor. In your presentation you must also include a plan of how to fill the vacancies using internal and external sources.Presentation dateScenario Following your presentation your manager has asked you to keep a report on the steps that your department should take to go about advertising a vacancy both internally and externally. Your manager also fatalitys you to consider the possible ways that applicants can apply.Hand-in dateHand-in dateScenario for Tasks 3 and 4 You are the assistant to the head of Business at Sheffield putting green academy and you have been asked to find a new Business Studies teacher to join your growing department for this touristed subject. Design appropriate advertising for to attract a suitable candidate for the role and submit a report to your manager alongside the advert to show that you made all the necessary considerations.Hand-in dateScenario You want to apply for a part time job at Morrisons to get some extra property while you are studying. Complete the documents to apply for the job.Hand-in dateScenario You are head of recruitment at Sheffield Park Academy and will be interviewing candidates for the advertised role of Business Studies teacher. The interview panel will be made up of various senior members of staff and some members of the Business department. Not all members of the panel have interviewed before so they are not familiar with the regulatory requirements. Design a brief sheet which is easy to follow and will help them plan the interviews. It must include all the important points that they will need to know to avoid any legal or ethical problems.Hand-in dateScenario afterward advertising the position of Business Studies teacher at SPA and receiving several applications, you are now doctor to start planning the interviews for the potential candidates that have been selected. Work in groups and discuss how you will select your candidates. crystallize a list of your selection criteria for the interview panel to follow when selecting candidates.You will role play the interviewee as well as the interviewer so prior to the role play you will need to read a candidates CV to help you prepare and make any notes that you feel necessary.Interview dateHand-in dateScenario You have completed the interview process and selected a candidate successfully. The head of recruitment at your school has asked you to survey the selection process by comparing and explaining the purpose of the documents that are used at SPA to recruit new teachers.Hand-in dateScenario You have interviewed all candidates using the documentation that you prepared for P4. How useful was this documentation in organising your interview, managing the interview process and choosing which, if any, of the candidates to employ?Hand-in dateHand-in dateHand-in date