Issues in The U.S. Political System

Liberal theorists begin with dickens basic assumptions about human nature: humans are mindable creatures who can use their reason to improve their tender existence, and humans are annoyinged with their individual well-being. This social contract, the excogitation of it, and the governing body that follows from it, was to maximize the opportunity for individual self-fulfillment.

Among these individual righteousnesss, liberals counted the right to property among the most substantial. Since protection of property and other rights is the reason people placed themselves under the authority of a government, it follows logically that government itself should not be allowed to interfere in the movement of those rights (Hudson, 1996, pp.7-14). This model of protective democracy advocates popular control of government as a means of protecting individual liberty. However, the concern with the dangers of popular participation, or the "excesses of democracy", as the Founders put it, was a major factor precipitating the American Constitutional regulation of 1787. Many of the institutional arrangements established in the Constitution were intend to reduce the potential for a democratic majority to scupper individual liberty. Among the most important was the dodge of the judicial separation of powers, which divides legislation power among different institutions: the presidency, Congress, and the judiciary. In addition, Congress is divided into both branches, who

Lewellen, T. (1983). policy-making anthropology: An introduction. South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin and Garvey.

Political organizations--parties and interest groups--function as intermediaries between individuals and government. Generally, political parties are to a greater extent concerned with winning creation office in elections than with influencing policy, sequence interest groups are more directly concerned with public policy and involve themselves with elections only to advance their policy interests. soon enough both groups organize individuals for more effective political action.

Liberalism severely influences the Protective Democracy model.

Political institutions such as the separation of powers, federalism, and bicameralism are intended to limit the power of the government so that it allow for not behave in a haughty manner. Political participation within these institutions provides further protection because citizens will be vigilant in protecting their freedoms.

Dye, T. R. (1997). Politics in America. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Interest groups play an important role in influencing political decision making in many areas, ranging from business and trade, to agriculture, environment, and federal courts. The interest-group schema supplements the electoral system as a form of representation. The electoral system is knowing to respond to broad, majority preferences in geographically defined constituencies. The interest-group system represents narrower, minority interests in economic, professional, ideological, religious, racial, gender, and issue constituencies. Critics of pluralism warn that interest groups whitethorn monopolize power and restrict individual participation in politics rather than enhance it. The growing power of peculiar(prenominal) interests, when combined with the declining power of parties and the fragmentation of government, may lead to gridlock and paralysis in policy making, and the general public interests may be lost in the conflicting claims
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