Philosophy

B. The Second Stage: The Double History of Power * Paul Ricoeurs growth of rationality on four levels - healthy, technical, civic, and social economic. 1. The forebode of Rationality State progresses as an institution in history. a) On the legal plane - The evolution of the state from an autocratic to a constitutional phase. - To congeries up, Power is rationalized through legality expressed in the constitution. b) On the technical plane - Rationalization of power by means of an judiciary. - To entirety up, power is rationalized through technicality expressed in the open administration. c) On the civic plane * Organization of public discussion in modern societies. d) On the socio-economic plane * The appearance of large-scale planning in the modern state. * A planned economy is thus antiphonal to human needs. Planning for the common good manifests rationally in the socio-economic sphere. 2. The threat of violence All growth in the institution is in like manner growth in power and in the threat of tyranny. a) On the legal plane * The modern despot does not abolish the constitution but rather bends it or interprets it to equip his own signs.

b) On the technical plane * For the unscrupulous tyrant, the public administration provides the technical means for a long-lasting and organized ontogeny of the people. c) On the civic plane * The violence of the State is seen in the lure to obscure truth in its elaboration and to enforce lying through techniques of manipulation of public opinion through exposing publics to ideologies that are rational in their outlines. d) On the socio-economic plane * Large-scale planning gives to the telephone exchange power methods of pressure on the individual that no cautious State has succeeded in accumulating. * The State assumes the monopoly of the interpretation of history and ends all... If you call for to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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