Biology Notes

CHAPTER 7: Cellular respiration
Know:
-location of each stage
-important products of each stage
-what goes in and what comes out
- zymolysis (alcohol which is take overe by bacteria and lactic acid fermentation which is done by our cells)
-Number of touchs from each stage (NADH/FADH) and adenosine triphosphate

1.Glycolysis- Outside mitochondria. The glucose is mazed down very slowly, the only part of the glucose that is used is the electrons, the coke, the oxygen. Those ar put outd as Co2. Electrons cause shape/chemical changes in the mitochondria and ATP is made at occurs in the molecule, it requires an enzyme (over 10 total). The actual release of electrons does NOT happen in glycolysis.
2. Citric acid cycle-in mitochondria itself. starts with pyruvate, changed into molecule called Acetyl CoA (2carbon). Combines with oxaloacetate to form a 6 carbon citrate.Goes into cycle of structural changes. Takes electrons away from pyruvate.
3. Inner mitochondria lines up molecules by strength. 1 protein obtains electrons and the one next to it has a stronger electronegativity, and because the next, and then the next (pulled down a chain of proteins). Oxygen is the break protein in the chain and is the only reason that we breathe.
4.



Electron enamour chain- Electron transporChemiosmosis- ATP synthesis pozered by the flow of H+ and pumping of protons (H+) which creates an H+ gradient crossways the membrane back across the membrane

Flow of carbon
Starts as glucose (6carbon). Broken down into 2 3carbon pyruvate. Pyruvate, if you dont have enough oxygen to run the cycle, nearly of the pyruvate becomes ethanol(if youre a bacteria) or lactate (if youre a human). If you have enough oxygen, it becomes Acetyl CoA as part of the citric acid cycle.

Glycolysis steps: Glucose--->glucose6phosphate--->fructose-6-phosphate--->fructose-1,6-biphosphate
step 1 Energy requiring, uses 2 ATP
Step 2 Energy payoff
6Carbon---2 3Carbon molecules (pyruvate)
a)4 ATP
b)2 NADH (electron...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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